Add developer documentation
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doc/dev/channels.md
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doc/dev/channels.md
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# Channels
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As the emulation progresses, information is written in the PRV trace to record
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the new states. The emulator has specific mechanism to handle the output of new
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states in the PRV trace via channels. A channel stores a value that represents
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an state at a given point in time and typically corresponds to the value that
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will be observed in the Paraver timeline.
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!!! Note
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The emulator receives input *events* and performs *state*
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transitions which are written into the Paraver trace.
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Channels become dirty when a new value is written to them. No other
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modifications are allowed by default until the channel is flushed by calling
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`chan_flush()`. This behavior can be controlled with the `CHAN_DIRTY_WRITE`
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property. By default, a duplicated value cannot be written into a channel,
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unless the `CHAN_DUPLICATES` property is set.
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A channel has an unique name used to identify the channel when debugging and
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also to create derived channels. The name can be set following the printf style
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when calling `chan_init()`.
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## Types
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There are two types of channels, **single** and **stack**. The type single only
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stores one value which is updated by `chan_set()`. The stack type allows the
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channel to record multiple values in a stack by using `chan_push()` and
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`chan_pop()`. The value of the channels is the topmost in the stack (the last
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pushed).
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Notice that the `chan_pop()` function uses the same value being pop()'ed as
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argument. The function checks that the stack contains the expected value,
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forcing the emulator to always receive a matching pair of push and pop values.
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After the channel initialization, the value of the channels is null. A channel
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with an empty stack also returns the value null when being read.
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## Data value
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The data type of a channel is handled by the `value` structure. This structure
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can store a null value, a 64 bit integer or a double. Any data type can be
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written to a channel and multiple data types can be stored in the stack.
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!!! Note
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For now only null and int64 types are allowed when the channel is connected
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to a Paraver trace.
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## Properties
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Channels have properties that can be set by `chan_prop_set()`. Setting the
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`CHAN_DIRTY_WRITE` property to true allows a channel to modify its value while
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being in the dirty state. The `CHAN_DUPLICATES` property determines is a channel
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can write the same value to the channel twice.
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## Callback
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A unique function can be set to each channel which will be called once a channel
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becomes dirty with `chan_set_dirty_cb()`. This callback will be called before
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`chan_set()`, `chan_push()` or `chan_pop()` returns. The [patch
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bay](../patchbay) uses this callback to detect when a channel is modified an run
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other callbacks.
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doc/dev/extend.md
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doc/dev/extend.md
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# Extend
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The extend mechanism allows a structure to be extended by a model. It works by
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placing an array of pointers indexed by the model identifier (char) inside the
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structure. Most of the structures of the emulator have a `ext` member, allowing
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them to be extended.
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Models are forbidden to access information from other models than their own.
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The function `void extend_set(struct extend *ext, int id, void *ctx)` stores the
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ctx pointer inside the extend structure for the model with the given id.
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Use `void *extend_get(struct extend *ext, int id)` to retrieve its value.
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A helper macro `EXT(st, m)` directly attempts to find the member `ext` in the
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structure st, and return the pointer of the model `m`.
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Here is an example where Nanos6 stores its own CPU information:
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struct cpu *syscpu;
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struct nanos6_cpu *cpu;
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extend_set(&syscpu->ext, '6', cpu);
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cpu = extend_get(&syscpu->ext, '6');
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cpu = EXT(syscpu, '6'); /* same */
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|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 27 KiB |
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||||||
# Developer guide
|
# Developer guidelines
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To contribute to the ovni project, please read carefully this guide and
|
To contribute to the ovni project, please read carefully this guide and
|
||||||
follow the guidelines to have your contribution accepted in the project.
|
follow the guidelines to have your contribution accepted in the project.
|
||||||
48
doc/dev/model.md
Normal file
48
doc/dev/model.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Model
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The emulator is designed to support multiple models simultaneously. Each model
|
||||||
|
must be implemented by following the `model_spec` interface, which defines the
|
||||||
|
functions that will be called by the emulation when that model is enabled.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Each model must have a unique character that identifies the model, and will be
|
||||||
|
used to filter the events in the MCV (model, category, value) tuple of the
|
||||||
|
input event.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Unless otherwise stated, all model functions return 0 on success or -1 on error.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Probe
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The probe function determines if the model should be enabled or not, based on
|
||||||
|
the information read from the metadata of the traces. No events are available
|
||||||
|
yet. Returns -1 on error, 0 if the model must be enabled or 1 if not.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the model is not enabled, no other function will be called.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Create
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The create function is called for each enabled model to allow them to allocate
|
||||||
|
all the required structures to perform the emulation using the
|
||||||
|
[extend](../extend) mechanism. All the required channels must be created and
|
||||||
|
registered in the patch bay in this function, so other models can found them in
|
||||||
|
the next stage.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Connect
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In the connect function, the channels and multiplexers are connected, as all the
|
||||||
|
channels of all models have already been registered in the patch bay. The
|
||||||
|
channels must also be connected to the output traces to record the states.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Event
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The event function is called only if the processed input event matches the model
|
||||||
|
character. The function must return 0 on success or -1 on error. If an error
|
||||||
|
is returned, the emulator will print some information about the current event and
|
||||||
|
proceed to call the last stage so the traces can be closed and flushed to disk
|
||||||
|
before stopping the emulation process.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Finish
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This function is called when there are no more events to be processed or when
|
||||||
|
the emulator has encountered a problem processing on event and needs to abort
|
||||||
|
the emulation process. The output traces must be closed to write all the buffers
|
||||||
|
into disk. Additional allocated structures may now be freed.
|
||||||
47
doc/dev/mux.md
Normal file
47
doc/dev/mux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Mux
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The emulator provides a mechanism to interconnect [channels](../channels) in a
|
||||||
|
similar way as an [analog
|
||||||
|
multiplexer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexer) by using the `mux`
|
||||||
|
module.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Multiplexers or muxers have one output channel, one select channel and a
|
||||||
|
variable number of input channels (including zero). Each input channel is
|
||||||
|
registered in the multiplexer by using a key with a given value. In the normal
|
||||||
|
operation of a mux, the value of the select channel is used to find an input
|
||||||
|
with a matching key. When there is no match, the output value is set to null.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Multiplexers can be configured to execute a custom select function, which will
|
||||||
|
take the value of the select channel and determine which input should be
|
||||||
|
selected. This allows a multiplexer to act as a filter too.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Tracking
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The typical use of multiplexers is to implement the tracking modes of channels.
|
||||||
|
As an example, the following diagram shows three multiplexers used to implement
|
||||||
|
the subsystem view of [Nanos6](../nanos6):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The first mux0 uses the thread state channel to filter the value of the
|
||||||
|
subsystem channel and only pass it to the output when the thread is in the
|
||||||
|
Running state (green). Then the filtered subsystem channel is connected to an
|
||||||
|
input of a second mux (mux1) which selects the current input of the thread
|
||||||
|
running in the CPU0. The output *nanos6.cpu.subsystem.run* is then connected to
|
||||||
|
the Paraver timeline in the row corresponding to the CPU0, which shows the
|
||||||
|
subsystem of the currently running thread.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The Nanos6 subsystem channel is also connected to the mux2, which forwards the
|
||||||
|
value to the output only when the thread state is Active. The output is directly
|
||||||
|
connected to the Paraver row assigned to that thread. This channels shows the
|
||||||
|
subsystem of the thread by only when is active (not paused nor dead). You can
|
||||||
|
see that the subsystem is shown in the thread0 at the current time (red dotted
|
||||||
|
line) when in the CPU0 the subsystem has been hidden when the thread stops being
|
||||||
|
in the Running state (yellow).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Multiplexers allow models to interact with each other in a controlled way. In
|
||||||
|
the example, the blue channel (*nanos6.thread0.subsystem*) is directly modified by
|
||||||
|
the Nanos6 model when a new event is received. While the red channels are
|
||||||
|
controled by the ovni model. The rest of the channels are automatically updated
|
||||||
|
in the propagation phase of the [bay](../patchbay) allowing the ovni model to
|
||||||
|
modify the Nanos6 Paraver view of the subsystems.
|
||||||
23
doc/dev/paraver.md
Normal file
23
doc/dev/paraver.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Paraver trace
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Paraver traces are handled by the top level module `pvt` (Paraver trace), which
|
||||||
|
in turn uses the `prv`, `pcf` and `prf` to control the trace events, type
|
||||||
|
definitions and row names (in that order).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Traces must be initialized with the number of rows and a name by calling
|
||||||
|
`pvt_open()`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The emulation time must be updated with `pvt_advance()` prior to emitting any
|
||||||
|
event, so they get the update clock in the trace.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Connecting channels
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A channel can be connected to each row in a trace with `prv_register()`, so the
|
||||||
|
new values of the channel get written in the trace. Only null and int64 data
|
||||||
|
values are supported for now.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Duplicated values cause an error by default, unless the channel is registered
|
||||||
|
with the flag `PRV_DUP`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The emission phase is controlled by the [patch bay](../patchbay) and runs all
|
||||||
|
the emit callbacks at once for all dirty channels.
|
||||||
39
doc/dev/patchbay.md
Normal file
39
doc/dev/patchbay.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Patch bay
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The patch bay (or simply bay) allows [channels](../channels/) to be registered
|
||||||
|
with their name so they are visible to all parts of the emulator and provides a
|
||||||
|
way to run callbacks when the channels update their values.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The name follows from the [patch bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_panel)
|
||||||
|
used to connect audio channels:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Registering channels
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Channels are registered with `bay_register()`, using the channel name as a
|
||||||
|
unique identifier. It is an error to register multiple channels with the same
|
||||||
|
name.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The register step sets the channel callback function, so the bay can detect
|
||||||
|
which channel become dirty and act upon them.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Callbacks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
After registering a channel in the bay, multiple callbacks can be registered
|
||||||
|
with `bay_add_cb()` and will be called in same order they were added.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The callbacks are executed in the propagation phase, when `bay_propagate()` is
|
||||||
|
called. There are two types of callbacks: *dirty* and *emit*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All dirty callbacks are called first, for all the channels that are dirty.
|
||||||
|
Executing the dirty callbacks may cause other channels to become dirty too,
|
||||||
|
which will be added to the list of dirty channels. Channels that are already
|
||||||
|
dirty cannot be modified, so we prevent an infinite updating loop.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Then the emit callbacks are called for each dirty channel in the same way. The
|
||||||
|
emit callbacks are generally used to write the values of the channels in the
|
||||||
|
output traces. These callbacks cannot cause any new channel to become dirty.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Finally, all channels are flushed by calling `chan_flush()`, clearing the dirty
|
||||||
|
flag and leaving them ready for the next input event.
|
||||||
@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
# Channels
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As the emulation progresses, information is written in the PRV trace to
|
|
||||||
record the new states. The emulator has specific mechanism to handle the
|
|
||||||
output of new states in the PRV trace via channels. A channel stores an
|
|
||||||
integer that represents an state at a given point in time and
|
|
||||||
corresponds to the value that will be observed in the Paraver timeline.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
!!! Note
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In general, the emulator receives events, then performs a state
|
|
||||||
transition and the new state (or states) are written into the
|
|
||||||
PRV file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are two classes of channels: CPU and thread channels. Both CPU and
|
|
||||||
threads have the same fixed number of channels, given by the enumeration
|
|
||||||
`enum chan`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For example the `CHAN_OVNI_STATE` of the thread stores the execution
|
|
||||||
state of the thread (running, paused ...). Whereas, the CPU channel
|
|
||||||
`CHAN_OVNI_NRTHREADS` records how many running threads a given CPU has.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The channels are used in the following way:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- In the "pre" phase, the emulator modifies the state of the emulator
|
|
||||||
based on the new event. The channels are then updated accordingly in
|
|
||||||
this phase, for example when a thread goes from running to paused it
|
|
||||||
must update the `CHAN_OVNI_STATE` channel of the thread by also the
|
|
||||||
`CHAN_OVNI_NRTHREADS` channel of the CPU.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- In the "emit" phase, the emulator calls the `chan_emit()` method on
|
|
||||||
those channels that have been modified. Those have the dirty attribute
|
|
||||||
set to 1.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- The optional "post" phase is used to perform some operations before
|
|
||||||
the next event is loaded, but is not commonly used.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then the emulator then loads the next event and repeats the process
|
|
||||||
again.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Disabling and enabling channels
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Some channels provide information that only makes sense in some
|
|
||||||
conditions. For example, the CPU channel `CHAN_OVNI_TID` tracks the TID
|
|
||||||
of the thread currently running in the CPU. When there is no thread
|
|
||||||
running or there are multiple threads running in the same CPU, this
|
|
||||||
channel cannot output valid information.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For those cases, the channels can be enabled or disabled as to only
|
|
||||||
provide information when it is necessary. When a channel is disabled, it
|
|
||||||
will emit the value stored in `badst` which by default is set to 0.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Notice that if a channel was in a given state A, and was disabled, it
|
|
||||||
must emit the new state is 0. When the channel is enabled again, it will
|
|
||||||
emit again the state A.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Thread tracking channels
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Regarding thread channels, there are two common conditions that cause
|
|
||||||
the channels to become disabled. When the thread is no longer running,
|
|
||||||
and then the thread is not active.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For those cases, the thread channels can be configured to automatically
|
|
||||||
be enabled or disabled, following the execution state of the thread. The
|
|
||||||
tracking mode specifies how the tracking must be done:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- `CHAN_TRACK_NONE`: nothing to track
|
|
||||||
- `CHAN_TRACK_RUNNING_TH`: enable the channel only if the thread is
|
|
||||||
running
|
|
||||||
- `CHAN_TRACK_ACTIVE_TH`: enable the channel only if the thread is
|
|
||||||
running, cooling or warming.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This mechanism removes the complexity of detecting when a thread stops
|
|
||||||
running, to update a channel of a given module. As the thread state
|
|
||||||
changes as handled by the `emu_ovni.c` module only.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## CPU tracking channels
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Similarly, CPU channels can also be configured to track the execution
|
|
||||||
state of the threads. They become disabled when the tracking condition
|
|
||||||
is not met, but also copy the state of the tracking thread channel.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
They share the same tracking modes, but their behavior is slightly
|
|
||||||
different:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In the case of tracking the running thread, if the CPU has more than one
|
|
||||||
thread running, the channel will always output the error state
|
|
||||||
`ST_TOO_MANY_TH`.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If is has no threads running, will be disabled and emit a 0 state by
|
|
||||||
default.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Otherwise, it will emit the same value as the running thread. If the
|
|
||||||
thread channel is disabled, it will emit a `ST_BAD` error state.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Regarding the active thread tracking mode, the CPU channels behave
|
|
||||||
similarly, but with the active threads instead of running ones.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The CPU tracking mechanism simplify the process of updating CPU
|
|
||||||
channels, as the modules don't need to worry about the execution model.
|
|
||||||
Only the channels need to be configured to follow the proper execution
|
|
||||||
state.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Channel state modes
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The channels can be updated in three ways:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. A fixed state can be set to the channel using `chan_set()`, which
|
|
||||||
overrides the previous state.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
2. The new state can be stored in a stack with `chan_push()` and
|
|
||||||
`chan_pop()`, to remember the history of the previous states. The
|
|
||||||
emitted event will be the one on the top.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
3. Using a punctual event.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Setting the channel state is commonly used to track quantities such as
|
|
||||||
the number of threads running per CPU. While the stack mode is commonly
|
|
||||||
used to track functions or sections of code delimited with enter and
|
|
||||||
exit events, which can call an return to the previous state.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
An example program may be instrumented like this:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
int bar() {
|
|
||||||
instr("Xb[");
|
|
||||||
...
|
|
||||||
instr("Xb]");
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
int foo() {
|
|
||||||
instr("Xf[");
|
|
||||||
bar();
|
|
||||||
instr("Xf]");
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Then, in the emulator, when processing the events `Xf[` and `Xf]`, we
|
|
||||||
could track of the state as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
int hook_pre_foo(struct ovni_chan *chan, int value) {
|
|
||||||
switch(value) {
|
|
||||||
case '[': chan_push(chan, 2); break;
|
|
||||||
case ']': chan_pop(chan, 2); break;
|
|
||||||
default: break;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
int hook_pre_bar(struct ovni_chan *chan, int value) {
|
|
||||||
switch(value) {
|
|
||||||
case '[': chan_push(chan, 1); break;
|
|
||||||
case ']': chan_pop(chan, 1); break;
|
|
||||||
default: break;
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The channel will emit the following sequence of states: 0, 1, 2, 1, 0.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Notice that the `chan_pop()` function uses the same state being pop()'ed
|
|
||||||
as argument. The function checks that the stack contains the expected
|
|
||||||
state, forcing the emulator to always receive a matching pair of enter
|
|
||||||
and exit events.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Punctual events
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
There are some conditions that are better mapped to events rather than
|
|
||||||
to state transitions. For those cases, the channels provide punctual
|
|
||||||
events which are emitted as a state than only has 1 ns of duration.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When a channel is configured to emit a punctual event with `chan_ev()`,
|
|
||||||
it will first output the new state at the current time minus 1 ns, then
|
|
||||||
restore the previous channel state and emit it at the current time.
|
|
||||||
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ happened on the hardware. It consists of CPUs which can execute multiple threads
|
|||||||
at the same time.
|
at the same time.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The emulator uses several models to identify how the resources are being
|
The emulator uses several models to identify how the resources are being
|
||||||
used. The following diagram despicts the resource, process and task
|
used. The following diagram depicts the resource, process and task
|
||||||
model.
|
model.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[](fig/model.svg)
|
[](fig/model.svg)
|
||||||
@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ the problem. No effort is made to let the emulator recover from an
|
|||||||
inconsistency.
|
inconsistency.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The emulator critical path is kept as simple as possible, so the
|
The emulator critical path is kept as simple as possible, so the
|
||||||
processing of events can keep the disk writting as the bottleneck.
|
processing of events can keep the disk writing as the bottleneck.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The linter mode enables more tests which are disabled from the default
|
The lint mode enables more tests which are disabled from the default
|
||||||
mode to prevent costly operations running in the emulator by default.
|
mode to prevent costly operations running in the emulator by default.
|
||||||
The linter tests are enabled when running the ovni testsuite.
|
The lint tests are enabled when running the ovni testsuite.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Emulation models
|
## Emulation models
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@ -202,4 +202,4 @@ multiple times by varying the arguments with the task for clause, which breaks
|
|||||||
the emulation model.
|
the emulation model.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The task for is currently only shown in the subsystem view, but it doesn't
|
The task for is currently only shown in the subsystem view, but it doesn't
|
||||||
appear as running any task in the the other views.
|
appear as running any task in the other views.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ nav:
|
|||||||
- emulation/nosv.md
|
- emulation/nosv.md
|
||||||
- emulation/nanos6.md
|
- emulation/nanos6.md
|
||||||
- emulation/events.md
|
- emulation/events.md
|
||||||
- emulation/channels.md
|
|
||||||
- 'Developer guide':
|
- 'Developer guide':
|
||||||
- developer-guide/index.md
|
- dev/index.md
|
||||||
|
- dev/channels.md
|
||||||
|
- dev/patchbay.md
|
||||||
|
- dev/mux.md
|
||||||
|
- dev/paraver.md
|
||||||
|
- dev/model.md
|
||||||
|
- dev/extend.md
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user