## 2024-07-02 Aleix provided some notes on how to trace the kernel using tracepoints that are printed to the console: ``` BOOT TIME TRACING - compile with CONFIG_BOOTTIME_TRACING=y - add to kernel parameters: trace_options=sym-addr trace_event=initcall:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M ftrace=function ftrace_filter="vfs*" trace_options=sym-addr trace_event=sched:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M - tp_printk sends tracepoint (TRACE_EVENT) to printk buffer - trace_event=[subsytem:event]; accepts - *: - :* - *:* all - many more options at https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/trace/boottime-trace.html ``` Start with: ``` trace_options=sym-addr trace_event=sched:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M loglevel=7 ``` Can it be caused by the D extension? If I set the ISA to: ``` riscv,isa = "rv64imaf"; ``` It locks the stage1 script without providing any output. Let see trying again. Locked again. I can disable the FPU in the kernel, and then it will act as a detector of any floating point instruction. Then I just need to rebuild busybox without support for double instructions. Let see if I can build busybox with double instruction Nope, the u-boot is reporting the d extension is in the isa: > riscv,isa = "rv64imafd"; ## 2024-07-03 I cannot switch to `gcc.arch = rv64ima` because rust fails to build. **Assumption**: The extensions F and D work well and don't cause a hang in the CPU. Let's go back and try to get the initrd shell, so we can systematically hang it in the `switch_root` ### OBSERVATION: The riscv-timer seems to be causing interrupts with IRQ 5: ``` [ 62.439060] irq_handler_entry: irq=5 name=riscv-timer [ 62.444980] irq_handler_exit: irq=5 ret=handled ``` ### OBSERVATION: Rohan reports the serial startup routine being running *after* the init begins. ### OBSERVATION: Only interrupts in timer, others are zero. With: commit 4c656bd8ddd2e41ccaa976ff8d6bd9209175a632 (HEAD -> lagarto-ox) Author: Rodrigo Arias Mallo Date: Wed Jul 3 13:21:04 2024 +0200 Add busybox patch to see debug lines The switch_root command seems to hang in the execv() syscall. I can see this: ~ # cat /proc/interrupts ; sleep 10 ; cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 10: 42926 RISC-V INTC 5 Edge riscv-timer IPI0: 0 Rescheduling interrupts IPI1: 0 Function call interrupts IPI2: 0 CPU stop interrupts IPI3: 0 CPU stop (for crash dump) interrupts IPI4: 0 IRQ work interrupts IPI5: 0 Timer broadcast interrupts CPU0 10: 46023 RISC-V INTC 5 Edge riscv-timer IPI0: 0 Rescheduling interrupts IPI1: 0 Function call interrupts IPI2: 0 CPU stop interrupts IPI3: 0 CPU stop (for crash dump) interrupts IPI4: 0 IRQ work interrupts IPI5: 0 Timer broadcast interrupts ### OBSERVATION: There is a timer configured in 0x40170000 but in the device tree we only have one at `timer@40002000`. #define OX_ALVEO_TIMER_BASE 0x40170000 #define ADDR_TIME_L 0x0u // 32 lower bits of the time register #define ADDR_TIME_H 0x1u // 32 higher bits of the time register #define ADDR_TIMECMP_L 0x2u // 32 lower bits of the time comparator #define ADDR_TIMECMP_H 0x3u // 32 higher bits of the time comparator https://gitlab.bsc.es/hwdesign/bsc-linux/-/blob/d6d194bd30d9a8fe49c2a278ffb3c3ae7852e75d/bsc_tree/patches/ox_alveo/opensbi/0001-opensbi-ox_alveo-platform.patch#L63 ### OBSERVATION: When the serial console starts, the speed of the serial port changes to 9600: [ 6.845400] io scheduler mq-deadline registered [ 6.851500] io scheduler kyber registered [ 17.644460] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled [ 18.141160] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled [ 18.229480] 40001000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x40001000 (irq = 11, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550 *** baud: 230400 *** *** baud: 460800 *** *** baud: 500000 *** *** baud: 576000 *** *** baud: 500000 *** *** baud: 460800 *** *** baud: 230400 *** *** baud: 115200 *** *** baud: 57600 *** *** baud: 38400 *** *** baud: 19200 *** faaa0?xx ### OBSERVATION: Trying to read from the serial console /dev/ttyS0 causes no more messages in the console (or a hang). ### QUESTION: Can we make a heartbeat for the kernel? The idea is to keep a counter in some memory of the kernel so we can see it from the host being moved. ### QUESTION: Can we disable the serial driver 8250 from loading? initcall_blacklist= I need to know the 8250 init function name: drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_core.c:static int __init serial8250_init(void) So... initcall_blacklist=serial8250_init Yes, but that doesn't seem to do anything. It is hanging: + modprobe dm_mod [ 627.473580] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:10:26 UTC 1970] + echo init /nix/store/v6pi2mqfgshxdsbyxlvpm9nvawxrpijv-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-23.11pre-git/init [ 628.249440] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:10:27 UTC 1970] + set -- init /nix/store/v6pi2mqfgshxdsbyxlvpm9nvawxrpijv-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-23.11pre-git/init [ 629.004840] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:10:28 UTC 1970] + stage2Init=/nix/store/v6pi2mqfgshxdsbyxlvpm9nvawxrpijv-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-23.11pre-git/init [ 629.733920] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:10:29 UTC 1970] + echo /nix/store/snvvqpxmryw1szlllk0bxpm37p8vj8sw-extra-utils/bin/modprobe ### QUESTION: What happens if we remap the interruptions? - Move the serial from 0 to 1 - Move the plic from 3 to 2 and remove 7 Now we have one context only: [ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped [ 0.000000] plic: plic@40800000: mapped 3 interrupts with 0 handlers for 1 contexts. [ 0.000000] riscv: providing IPIs using SBI IPI extension Rather than two: [ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped [ 0.000000] plic: plic@40800000: mapped 3 interrupts with 0 handlers for 2 contexts. [ 0.000000] riscv: providing IPIs using SBI IPI extension ### QUESTION: What happens if we block the `sbi_ipi` driver? initcall_blacklist=sbi_ipi_init Nothing, it cannot be disabled it seems. I will remove SMP support so it won't be compiled in. ### OBSERVATION: Searching for 'riscv,plic0' only matches irq-sifive-plic driver. hut% rg 'riscv,plic0' Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/sifive,plic-1.0.0.yaml 72: - const: riscv,plic0 drivers/irqchip/irq-sifive-plic.c 572:IRQCHIP_DECLARE(riscv_plic0, "riscv,plic0", plic_init); /* for legacy systems */ So it looks that the only driver that setups the plic is the one used by SiFive. Here is the doc: https://static.dev.sifive.com/U54-MC-RVCoreIP.pdf ### OBSERVATION: The number of handlers is 0, so there are no interruptions. It seems the number next to the phandle of the interrupts-extended attribute in the plic follows a different convention of values. Using 9 and 11: plic: plic@40800000: mapped 3 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts. **Remark**: The key combination to run Magic SysRq using the HVC console is Ctrl-O and then the SysRq key. It only works it the console is being actively polled, otherwise it hangs. ## 2024-07-04 ### OBSERVATION: I saw they changed this option in Cinco Ranch DTS for the serial: > reg-shift = <0>; // regs are spaced on 8 bit boundary (modified from Xilinx UART16550 to be ns16550 compatible) Tested booting with debug1 and the ttyS0 console, and it goes extremely slow (but still outputs at 115200) and then continues to fail to read keyboard input. ### QUESTION: Let's try setting the console in poll mode. setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=uart,io,0x40001000,115200n8 boot.trace console=uart,io,0x40001000,115200n8 debug1 init=/nix/store/wavmnv6wjj8y10ha07wxd5f0sqacivj8-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-23.11pre-git/init" [ 5.909360] io scheduler mq-deadline registered [ 5.914900] io scheduler kyber registered [ 14.405980] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled [ 14.856040] 40001000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x40001000 (irq = 2, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550 [ 15.059680] nd_pmem namespace0.0: unable to guarantee persistence of writes ... [ 40.250100] clk: Disabling unused clocks [ 40.256220] Warning: unable to open an initial console. <---- SEE THIS [ 40.618300] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 5592K [ 40.728300] Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found [ 40.735540] Run /init as init process [ 40.740080] with arguments: [ 40.743920] /init [ 40.746660] with environment: [ 40.750740] HOME=/ [ 40.754020] TERM=linux [ 46.569960] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000100 [ 46.578100] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: init Not tainted 6.6.1 #1-NixOS [ 46.584600] Hardware name: Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) (DT) [ 46.592740] Call Trace: [ 46.595640] [] dump_backtrace+0x38/0x48 [ 46.601760] [] show_stack+0x50/0x68 [ 46.607540] [] dump_stack_lvl+0x3c/0x5c [ 46.613660] [] dump_stack+0x20/0x30 [ 46.619400] [] panic+0x158/0x374 [ 46.624900] [] do_exit+0x9e8/0x9f0 [ 46.630580] [] do_group_exit+0x44/0xb0 [ 46.636600] [] __wake_up_parent+0x0/0x40 [ 46.642780] [] do_trap_ecall_u+0x14c/0x168 [ 46.649140] [] ret_from_exception+0x0/0xac [ 46.655500] Kernel Offset: 0x0 from 0xffffffff80000000 [ 46.661160] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000100 ]--- Also found: `no_console_suspend` ### OBSERVATION: There are messages of address space being assigned to registers: Slave segment '/MEEP_uart_0/S_AXI/Reg' is being assigned into address space '/m_axi_uart0' at <0x0000_0000 [ 4K ]>. Slave segment '/MEEP_uart_1/S_AXI/Reg' is being assigned into address space '/m_axi_uart1' at <0x0000_0000 [ 4K ]>. ### QUESTION: What happens if I enable `CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL`? With `console=ttyS0,115200n8 debug1` I cannot type. ### OBSERVATION: I can dump iomem memory with the tool devmem: But it seems I cannot dump the registers of the serial io mapped region: ~ # cat /proc/iomem 40001000-400010ff : serial 60000000-7fffffff : Reserved 80000000-ffefffff : System RAM 80201000-81fa0b87 : Kernel image 80201000-80cb177f : Kernel code 81400000-819fffff : Kernel rodata 81c00000-81f18747 : Kernel data 81f19000-81fa0b87 : Kernel bss 100000000-1bfffffff : namespace0.0 ~ # devmem 0x40001000 devmem: mmap: Operation not permitted It looks like the following options may be required to be disabled to allow user-space tools read those regions. ~ # zcat /proc/config.gz | grep CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM=y ~ # zcat /proc/config.gz | grep CONFIG_IO_STRICT_DEVMEM CONFIG_IO_STRICT_DEVMEM=y Let's try disabling `CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM` and see if we can read the serial registers. It works! ~ # cat /proc/iomem 40001000-400010ff : serial 60000000-7fffffff : Reserved 80000000-ffefffff : System RAM 80201000-81fa0b87 : Kernel image 80201000-80cb159f : Kernel code 81400000-819fffff : Kernel rodata 81c00000-81f18707 : Kernel data 81f19000-81fa0b87 : Kernel bss 100000000-1bfffffff : namespace0.0 ~ # devmem 0x40001000 0x0000006E ~ # devmem 0x40001000 0x0000006C ~ # devmem 0x40001000 0x00000072 ~ # devmem 0x40001000 0x0000000D ### OBSERVATION: The interrupt register of the serial console is 0x0: Assuming the console registers follow AXI UART 16550, here is the IER: > 0x1004 IER R/W Interrupt Enable Register Which is zero: ~ # devmem 0x40001004 0x00000000 The line control register is 0x3: ~ # devmem 0x4000100C 0x00000003 ### QUESTION: Can I write to some memory address and see the result from the host? For that I would need to find some address that is mapped to the DMA or to the pmem. Xavi recommended `0x6000_0000` as it is uncached. It seems to have some content already: ~ # devmem 0x60000000 0x00000093 ~ # devmem 0x60000004 0x00000113 ~ # devmem 0x60000008 0x00000193 ~ # devmem 0x60000010 0x00000293 ~ # devmem 0x60000014 0x00000313 ~ # devmem 0x60000018 0x00000393 Writing test seems to work: ~ # devmem 0x60000000 32 0x11223344 ~ # devmem 0x60000000 0x11223344 So, technically we should be using the `/dev/qdma34000-MM-0` device, as we already use the other one to map the memory. [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ for i in {0..16}; do addr=$(($i * 0x10000000)); \ printf "addr 0x%09x: " $addr; dd if=/dev/qdma34000-MM-0 count=16 bs=1 skip=$addr 2>/dev/null | xxd; done addr 0x000000000: 00000000: 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD addr 0x010000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x020000000: 00000000: 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333333333333333 addr 0x030000000: 00000000: cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc ................ addr 0x040000000: 00000000: cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc ................ addr 0x050000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x060000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x070000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x080000000: 00000000: 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333333333333333 addr 0x090000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x0a0000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x0b0000000: 00000000: 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f //////////////// addr 0x0c0000000: 00000000: 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn addr 0x0d0000000: 00000000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr 0x0e0000000: 00000000: 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c llllllllllllllll addr 0x0f0000000: 00000000: 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 gggggggggggggggg addr 0x100000000: 00000000: 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ for i in {0..16}; do addr=$(($i * 0x10000000)); \ printf "addr 0x%09x: " $addr; dd if=/dev/qdma34000-MM-1 count=16 bs=1 skip=$addr 2>/dev/null | xxd; done addr 0x000000000: 00000000: 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 4444 DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD addr 0x010000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x020000000: 00000000: 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333333333333333 addr 0x030000000: 00000000: cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc ................ addr 0x040000000: 00000000: cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc ................ addr 0x050000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x060000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x070000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x080000000: 00000000: 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333 3333333333333333 addr 0x090000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x0a0000000: 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................ addr 0x0b0000000: 00000000: 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f 2f2f //////////////// addr 0x0c0000000: 00000000: 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e 6e6e nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn addr 0x0d0000000: 00000000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr 0x0e0000000: 00000000: 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c 6c6c llllllllllllllll addr 0x0f0000000: 00000000: 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 6767 gggggggggggggggg addr 0x100000000: 00000000: 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 2424 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ None of the two queues seem to have the value 0x11223344 at any multiple of `0x1000_0000`. Let's verify first that this method works. The kernel is loaded here: [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ printf '0x%x\n' $FPGACTL_KERNEL_ADDR 0x24000000 So we should see the same values as the kernel file: [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ dd if=kernel.bin count=16 bs=1 2>/dev/null| xxd 00000000: 6f00 400d 0000 0000 0000 2000 0000 0000 o.@....... ..... But we don't see the same: [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ dd if=/dev/qdma34000-MM-1 count=16 bs=1 skip=$FPGACTL_KERNEL_ADDR 2>/dev/null | xxd 00000000: 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 ................ [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ dd if=/dev/qdma34000-MM-0 count=16 bs=1 skip=$FPGACTL_KERNEL_ADDR 2>/dev/null | xxd 00000000: 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 9797 ................ ### QUESTION: Missing forward M to S via Mideleg? Can it be happening that he MEDELEG is not forwarding the interruptions to the Supervisor (kernel)? Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222 Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109 ### QUESTION: Can we add a timer to the PLIC to test the interrupts? ### OBSERVATION: Here is the PLIC register dump: ~ # for i in `seq 0 16`; do addr=$((0x40600000 + $i)); printf '%08x: ' $addr; devmem $addr; done 40600000: 0x00010002 40600001: 0x09000000 40600002: 0x00090000 40600003: 0x00000900 40600004: 0x00010009 40600005: 0x00000000 40600006: 0x00000000 40600007: 0x00000000 40600008: 0x00000000 40600009: 0x00000000 4060000a: 0x00000000 4060000b: 0x00000000 4060000c: 0x00000000 4060000d: 0x00000000 4060000e: 0x00000000 4060000f: 0x00000000 40600010: 0x00000000 ### QUESTION: Can we boot with the new bitstream that includes the second UART? The interruptions are enabled for the UART 1, not the default UART 0. ### OBSERVATION: I'm using 0x100 not 0x1000 in the serial range: reg = <0x0 0x40003000 0x0 0x100>; reg = <0x0 0x40003000 0x0 0x1000>; Can this produce any problem? It doesn't seem to change anything, still unable to send any bytes. ### QUESTION: Can we use virtio to mount a FS in the DMA shared memory? ## 2024-07-05 ### OBSERVATION: The kernel continues working when the console hangs. Switching to 0x100000000 as 0x60000000 shows: ~ # devmem 0x6000000 0xBADCAB1E With the following loop: ~ # i=0; while [ 1 ]; do let i=$i+1; devmem 0x100000000 32 $i; done & ~ # cat /dev/ttyS0 (hangs) Shows the kernel works: [bsc015557@fpgan02 nixos]$ while [ 1 ]; do xxd -s $((0x100000000 - 0x60000000)) -l 4 /dev/qdma34000-MM-1; sleep 0.2; done ... a0000000: 6400 0000 d... a0000000: 6500 0000 e... a0000000: 6600 0000 f... a0000000: 6700 0000 g... a0000000: 6800 0000 h... a0000000: 6900 0000 i... ### QUESTION: Can we reproduce it with `switch_root`? For that I would have to ensure the process continues to operate, even if we exit the console. Maybe I can make a double fork? I cannot use `0x1000_0000` as that is where the pmem will be. But I can try to use an address in the end, as we are not filling the whole space. [0x1_0000_0000, 0x1_c000_0000) -> PMEM (3072 MiB) Maybe `0x1_bfff_0000`? Let's try first from the initrd shell. i=0; while [ 1 ]; do let i=$i+1; devmem 0x1bfff0000 32 $i; done & Then while [ 1 ]; do xxd -s $((0x1bfff0000 - 0x60000000)) -l 4 /dev/qdma34000-MM-1; sleep 0.2; done Yes, it seems to be working. Let's load the rootfs too. I added a loop in the stage1 script. ### QUESTION: Can we see any clock in memory? This will allow us to check if the AXI still works. ### OBSERVATION: The kernel stops updating the counter in the mount phase. Managed to reach the mount and hang there: [ 337.504740] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:05:36 UTC 1970] + '[' -d /dev/disk/by-label/NIXOS_SD ] [ 338.284560] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:05:37 UTC 1970] + mkdir -m 0755 -p /mnt-root/ [ 339.017420] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:05:38 UTC 1970] + local 'n=0' [ 339.752560] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:05:39 UTC 1970] + true [ 340.488960] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:05:39 UTC 1970] + mount /mnt-root/ After almost 6 minutes, with 571 beats: $ xxd -s 5905514496 -l 4 /dev/qdma34000-MM-1 5fff0000: 3b02 0000 ;... It looks like the kernel is the one getting stuck *or* at least is unable to propagate the heartbeat changes to the host. It would be nice to monitor a hardware clock from the DMA region too, so we can discard problems in the AXI. ### OBSERVATION: There is an ioctl failed for /dev/console [ 177.009540] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:02:56 UTC 1970] + udevadm settle + kbd_mode -u -C /dev/console kbd_mode: KDSKBMODE: Inappropriate ioctl for device + printf '\033%%G' + loadkmap [ 266.301040] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:04:25 UTC 1970] + kbd_mode -u -C /dev/console ### ASSUMPTION: The kernel hangs. If the kernel hangs, there must be an instruction or sequence of instructions that causes it. First I need to determine what is being executed by the kernel. For that I could use `ftrace` to see which program is running at the time it hangs. trace_options=sym-addr trace_event=initcall:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M (prev_comm != 2 && next_comm != 2) So, we can just enable the `tp_printk` but not the tracer. Then in the initrd script, I enable the function tracer and the filter. ### OBSERVATION: It takes a long time to init the pty: Interesting timing: [ 12.612620] initcall_start: func=pty_init+0x0/0x3f4 [ 20.962640] initcall_finish: func=pty_init+0x0/0x3f4 ret=0 ### OBSERVATION: The kcompactd0 daemon is using the CPU: [ 290.394920] sched_switch: prev_comm=devmem prev_pid=129 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=init next_pid=69 next_prio=120 [ 290.408160] sched_switch: prev_comm=init prev_pid=69 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=tee next_pid=68 next_prio=120 [ 290.420720] sched_switch: prev_comm=tee prev_pid=68 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R+ ==> next_comm=ksoftirqd/0 next_pid=12 next_prio=120 [ 290.433960] sched_switch: prev_comm=ksoftirqd/0 prev_pid=12 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=init next_pid=1 next_prio=120 [ 290.447100] sched_switch: prev_comm=init prev_pid=1 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kcompactd0 next_pid=22 next_prio=120 [ 290.460180] sched_switch: prev_comm=kcompactd0 prev_pid=22 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=khvcd next_pid=31 next_prio=120 [ 290.473400] sched_switch: prev_comm=khvcd prev_pid=31 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/u2:2 next_pid=19 next_prio=120 [ 290.486960] sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/u2:2 prev_pid=19 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=khungtaskd next_pid=18 next_prio=120 [ 290.500800] sched_switch: prev_comm=khungtaskd prev_pid=18 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/0:1 next_pid=13 next_prio=120 [ 290.514560] sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/0:1 prev_pid=13 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=tee next_pid=68 next_prio=120 [ 290.527720] sched_switch: prev_comm=tee prev_pid=68 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R+ ==> next_comm=init next_pid=69 next_prio=120 [ 290.540360] sched_switch: prev_comm=init prev_pid=69 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=devmem next_pid=129 next_prio=120 [ 290.553280] sched_switch: prev_comm=devmem prev_pid=129 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=ksoftirqd/0 next_pid=12 next_prio=120 [ 290.566780] sched_switch: prev_comm=ksoftirqd/0 prev_pid=12 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kcompactd0 next_pid=22 next_prio=120 [ 290.580500] sched_switch: prev_comm=kcompactd0 prev_pid=22 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=init next_pid=1 next_prio=120 [ 290.593740] sched_switch: prev_comm=init prev_pid=1 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=khvcd next_pid=31 next_prio=120 [ 290.606340] sched_switch: prev_comm=khvcd prev_pid=31 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/u2:2 next_pid=19 next_prio=120 [ 290.619780] sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/u2:2 prev_pid=19 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=khungtaskd next_pid=18 next_prio=120 [ 290.633620] sched_switch: prev_comm=khungtaskd prev_pid=18 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=tee next_pid=68 next_prio=120 [ 290.646700] sched_switch: prev_comm=tee prev_pid=68 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R+ ==> next_comm=init next_pid=69 next_prio=120 [ 290.659320] sched_switch: prev_comm=init prev_pid=69 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kworker/0:1 next_pid=13 next_prio=120 [ 290.672560] sched_switch: prev_comm=kworker/0:1 prev_pid=13 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=devmem next_pid=129 next_prio=120 [ 290.686080] sched_switch: prev_comm=devmem prev_pid=129 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=ksoftirqd/0 next_pid=12 next_prio=120 [ 290.699720] sched_switch: prev_comm=ksoftirqd/0 prev_pid=12 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=init next_pid=1 next_prio=120 [ 290.712880] sched_switch: prev_comm=init prev_pid=1 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=khvcd next_pid=31 next_prio=120 [ 290.725500] sched_switch: prev_comm=khvcd prev_pid=31 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=kcompactd0 next_pid=22 next_prio=120 ### QUESTION: Can we reproduce this hang with 6.9.7? Disabling clang as it is failing to build: hut% nix develop '.#lagarto-ox' error: builder for '/nix/store/x1nfa792pv28px70kvfakm3aalcfbdyw-clang-epi-479518d.drv' failed with exit code 2; last 10 log lines: > | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > 2 errors generated. > make[2]: *** [lib/Support/CMakeFiles/LLVMSupport.dir/build.make:1868: lib/Support/CMakeFiles/LLVMSupport.dir/Signals.cpp.o] Error 1 > make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs.... > [ 9%] Built target obj.clang-tblgen > 1 warning generated. > make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:9468: lib/Support/CMakeFiles/LLVMSupport.dir/all] Error 2 > make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs.... > [ 9%] Built target obj.llvm-tblgen > make: *** [Makefile:156: all] Error 2 For full logs, run 'nix log /nix/store/x1nfa792pv28px70kvfakm3aalcfbdyw-clang-epi-479518d.drv'. error: 1 dependencies of derivation '/nix/store/m54sxxyi3cg062djrcddcawp10z7r49l-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-clang-epi-wrapper-479518d.drv' failed to build error: 1 dependencies of derivation '/nix/store/yl26dbqqj0snl807c0wjabg4dpbq5gvp-stdenv-linux.drv' failed to build error: 1 dependencies of derivation '/nix/store/h6180fcl30kqy3apaqjsbkkik2p1spmr-rvb-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-da202d6.drv' failed to build error: 1 dependencies of derivation '/nix/store/b13shgqj7128rdsdzzp4qicqbzl0wnfw-system-path.drv' failed to build error: 1 dependencies of derivation '/nix/store/6qghlihqcyg6155309ldj5xm9m0v835i-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git.drv' failed to build error: 1 dependencies of derivation '/nix/store/l2x18cih29r1kn6vi8imwhkyk98yhw4i-nix-shell-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-env.drv' failed to build ### QUESTION: Missing cache information may affect? Other CPUs report the cache details in the DT. For example this one https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/riscv/boot/dts/sifive/fu540-c000.dtsi#L45 cpu1: cpu@1 { compatible = "sifive,u54-mc", "sifive,rocket0", "riscv"; d-cache-block-size = <64>; d-cache-sets = <64>; d-cache-size = <32768>; d-tlb-sets = <1>; d-tlb-size = <32>; device_type = "cpu"; i-cache-block-size = <64>; i-cache-sets = <64>; i-cache-size = <32768>; i-tlb-sets = <1>; i-tlb-size = <32>; mmu-type = "riscv,sv39"; reg = <1>; riscv,isa = "rv64imafdc"; riscv,isa-base = "rv64i"; riscv,isa-extensions = "i", "m", "a", "f", "d", "c", "zicntr", "zicsr", "zifencei", "zihpm"; tlb-split; next-level-cache = <&l2cache>; cpu1_intc: interrupt-controller { #interrupt-cells = <1>; compatible = "riscv,cpu-intc"; interrupt-controller; }; }; We may want to add it to our DT to be sure that it has no effect. ### OBSERVATION: Arrived to stage 2! + kill -9 74 + readlink /proc/75/exe [ 374.961120] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:06:14 UTC 1970] + test 0 -ge 8 + '[' 75 -eq 1 ] + kill -9 75 + readlink /proc/102/exe + '[' 102 -eq 1 ] + kill -9 102 + readlink /proc/137/exe + continue + readlink /proc/674/exe + continue + readlink /proc/675/exe + continue + test -n + echo /sbin/modprobe + '[' '!' -e /mnt-root//nix/store/xwqaqpc66ijvay9wxnm5nqmi30f2lp1i-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init ] + mkdir -m 0755 -p /mnt-root/proc /mnt-root/sys /mnt-root/dev /mnt-root/run + mount --move /proc /mnt-root/proc + mount --move /sys /mnt-root/sys + mount --move /dev /mnt-root/dev + mount --move /run /mnt-root/run + type -P switch_root + exec env -i /nix/store/988axh0bq3wqp90gms4b4a0hkfwvkd3i-extra-utils/bin/switch_root /mnt-root /nix/store/xwqaqpc66ijvay9wxnm5nqmi30f2lp1i-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init <<< NixOS Stage 2 >>> [ 384.203680] EXT4-fs (pmem0p2): re-mounted 44444444-4444-4444-8888-888888888888 r/w. Quota mode: none. [ 384.287600] booting system configuration /nix/store/xwqaqpc66ijvay9wxnm5nqmi30f2lp1i-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git running activation script... [ 388.163860] stage-2-init: running activation script... [ 391.643500] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) [ 391.884800] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) [ 425.302000] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) But then it hangs. ## 2024-07-08 ### QUESTION: Who sets the plic interrupts? Shouldn't OpenSBI read the DT and do some configuration in the PLIC while in machine mode? ### OBSERVATION: Semi-stack trace from CincoRanch hvc_remove? console_unlock <-- only called from hvc_remove() prb_read_valid desc_read_finalized_seq __memcpy (multiple times) get_data do_trap_break report_bug is_valid_bugaddr copy_from_kernel_nofault copy_from_kernel_nofault_allowed find_bug _printk vprintk vprintk_default vprintk_emit vprintk_store sched_clock vsnprintf format_decode __memcpy printk_parse_prefix prb_reserve do_page_fault fixup_exception search_exception_tables search_extable cmp_ex_search (multiple times) search_module_extables __module_address no_context.part.0 die_kernel_fault <-- last frame(?) ### QUESTION: Can we place a trace point in `hvc_remove`? If we are getting stuck in the same place, we should be able to see the backtrace (assuming the console still works) just before we try to remove the console device. Placed, but still unable to see anything in any hang. Here is a hang in the Stage 2: <<< NixOS Stage 2 >>> [ 404.158340] EXT4-fs (pmem0p2): re-mounted 44444444-4444-4444-8888-888888888888 r/w. Quota mode: none. [ 404.242500] booting system configuration /nix/store/0za1vqh5alk7mxqs59qxx8izmwmf21w6-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git running activation script... [ 408.148380] stage-2-init: running activation script... [ 411.612240] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) [ 411.866440] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) [ 447.588880] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) Still, it may be hang in a similar way, causing a loop of page faults just while trying to printk to the console, which would explain why we don't see anything and why the heartbeat stops. Fran has created another bitstream with two consoles enabled (`ox_u55c_a234c132.bit`), let see if I manage to boot with it. First I will need to enable the consoles on the DTS. It doesn't seem to produce any output in the UART. I cannot see OpenSBI while loading it on each baud rate: Type [C-a] [C-h] to see available commands Terminal ready *** baud: 57600 *** *** baud: 38400 *** *** baud: 19200 *** *** baud: 9600 *** [...] *** baud: 230400 *** *** baud: 460800 *** Let's keep the bitstream files in a repository, so I can carefully track them with git too. ### OBSERVATION: The new bitstream requires a bootrom to start I added it to the bitstream repository, as it is a binary blob too. Now I need to update the load addresses: https://gitlab.bsc.es/hwdesign/fpga/integration-lab/fpga-tools/-/blob/6a63bcea6d1d59df3c7d62311aa4935efd54d3a3/boot_riscv/boot_sa.sh#L36-40 Continues to hang just after those perl messages: + mount --move /proc /mnt-root/proc + mount --move /sys /mnt-root/sys + mount --move /dev /mnt-root/dev + mount --move /run /mnt-root/run + type -P switch_root + exec env -i /nix/store/988axh0bq3wqp90gms4b4a0hkfwvkd3i-extra-utils/bin/switch_root /mnt-root /nix/store/0za1vqh5alk7mxqs59qxx8izmwmf21w6-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init <<< NixOS Stage 2 >>> [ 541.559320] EXT4-fs (pmem0p2): re-mounted 44444444-4444-4444-8888-888888888888 r/w. Quota mode: none. [ 541.641280] booting system configuration /nix/store/0za1vqh5alk7mxqs59qxx8izmwmf21w6-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git running activation script... [ 545.569700] stage-2-init: running activation script... [ 549.019380] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) [ 549.274940] random: perl: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) ### QUESTION: What happens if we disable `CONFIG_BUG` May be a long shot, but if we are experiencing the same page fault loop as in cincoranch we may as well try. ## 2024-07-09 ### QUESTION: Maybe we can try without out-of-order? I made a small tool in C to view and change the CSR register that controls the in-order/out-of-order. Maybe we can try with the "in-order" setting. We arrive to execute `systemd`: Starting interactive shell... + setsid /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extra-utils/bin/ash -c 'exec /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extra-utils/bin/ash < /dev/hvc0 >/dev/hvc0 2>/dev/hvc0' [ 90.077300] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:01:27 UTC 1970] + '[' -n 1 -a i '=' f ] [ 90.639760] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:01:28 UTC 1970] + '[' -n 1 -a i '=' i ] ~ # [ 90.967260] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:01:28 UTC 1970] + echo 'Starting interactive shell...' [ 91.234980] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:01:28 UTC 1970] Starting interactive shell... [ 91.569580] stage-1-init: [Thu Jan 1 00:01:29 UTC 1970] + setsid /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extra-utils/bin/ash -c 'exec /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extr a-utils/bin/ash < /dev/hvc0 >/dev/hvc0 2>/dev/hvc0' which csrtool /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extra-utils/bin/csrtool ~ # csrtool CSR 0x801 = 0u ~ # csrtool o unknown 'o', use: mem-in-order, all-in-order or all-out-of-order ~ # csrtool all-in-order CSR 0x801 = 7u ~ # csrtool CSR 0x801 = 7u ~ # + IFS='=' + echo init /nix/store/xmagm60y90pfh3yvqanvmaswa0m3cb0a-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init + set -- init /nix/store/xmagm60y90pfh3yvqanvmaswa0m3cb0a-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init + stage2Init=/nix/store/xmagm60y90pfh3yvqanvmaswa0m3cb0a-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init + echo /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extra-utils/bin/modprobe + basename dm_mod [...] + echo /sbin/modprobe + '[' '!' -e /mnt-root//nix/store/xmagm60y90pfh3yvqanvmaswa0m3cb0a-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init ] + mkdir -m 0755 -p /mnt-root/proc /mnt-root/sys /mnt-root/dev /mnt-root/run + mount --move /proc /mnt-root/proc + mount --move /sys /mnt-root/sys + mount --move /dev /mnt-root/dev + mount --move /run /mnt-root/run + type -P switch_root + exec env -i /nix/store/xm3mpj9aldz5r4s5yb7p08jdjv98hj4w-extra-utils/bin/switch_root /mnt-root /nix/store/xmagm60y90pfh3yvqanvmaswa0m3cb0a-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init <<< NixOS Stage 2 >>> [ 967.703320] EXT4-fs (pmem0p2): re-mounted 44444444-4444-4444-8888-888888888888 r/w. Quota mode: none. [ 967.928020] booting system configuration /nix/store/xmagm60y90pfh3yvqanvmaswa0m3cb0a-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git running activation script... [ 977.608980] stage-2-init: running activation script... bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbsetting up /etc... [ 1084.376420] stage-2-init: setting up /etc... starting systemd... Not sure if it is a good reproducer, as it is taking around 15 minutes to hang in a very large piece of software, while when we have the out-of-order enabled, we can hang in half of the time in some script. Either way, we need to see a backtrace of where it is hanging to understand why it does. We may also enable a stage-2 heartbeat to be sure that it is hanging the kernel and not only the console. Another idea is to arrive at a proper bash shell, where we can have debugging tools, which may allow us to go slowly until we catch the bug. ### OBSERVATION: Setting memory in-order only causes a hang Tested with: $ csrtool mem-in-order And it hangs just after exiting the tool. ### QUESTION: Can we see the printk buffer from the host? If the problem that we are observing is somehow related to the recursive segfault of the kernel in Cincoranch, we may be able to see the printk ring buffer by directly poking at the memory from the host. ### QUESTION: Can we crash the CPU by exercising the memory? I did a small tool `memtool` that performs allocations and deallocations. Good news, the tool has hang the console (potentially the kernel too). ~ # which memtool /nix/store/amj11aclwx62d4mnvkhdgj19kq5gjb9y-extra-utils/bin/memtool ~ # memtool iter 0, nblocks 1, nbytes 0.1M (A) iter 1, nblocks 2, nbytes 3.5M (A) iter 2, nblocks 3, nbytes 3.8M (A) iter 3, nblocks 4, nbytes 5.7M (A) iter 4, nblocks 5, nbytes 6.8M (A) iter 5, nblocks 6, nbytes 10.7M (A) iter 6, nblocks 5, nbytes 10.6M (D) iter 7, nblocks 6, nbytes 13.9M (A) iter 8, nblocks 7, nbytes 16.4M (A) iter 9, nblocks 8, nbytes 19.8M (A) iter 10, nblocks 9, nbytes 21.2M (A) iter 11, nblocks 10, nbytes 24.3M (A) iter 12, nblocks 11, nbytes 27.4M (A) iter 13, nblocks 12, nbytes 28.3M (A) iter 14, nblocks 13, nbytes 31.6M (A) iter 15, nblocks 12, nbytes 28.2M (D) iter 16, nblocks 13, nbytes 29.2M (A) iter 17, nblocks 14, nbytes 30.8M (A) iter 18, nblocks 15, nbytes 32.6M (A) iter 19, nblocks 16, nbytes 32.8M (A) iter 20, nblocks 17, nbytes 36.8M (A) iter 21, nblocks 18, nbytes 39.6M (A) iter 22, nblocks 19, nbytes 41.1M (A) iter 23, nblocks 20, nbytes 44.1M (A) iter 24, nblocks 21, nbytes 46.9M (A) iter 25, nblocks 20, nbytes 46.5M (D) iter 26, nblocks 21, nbytes 50.2M (A) iter 27, nblocks 22, nbytes 53.8M (A) Let's see if we can reproduce it again in the same position. ~ # memtool iter 0, nblocks 1, nbytes 0.1M (A) iter 1, nblocks 2, nbytes 3.5M (A) iter 2, nblocks 3, nbytes 3.8M (A) iter 3, nblocks 4, nbytes 5.7M (A) iter 4, nblocks 5, nbytes 6.8M (A) iter 5, nblocks 6, nbytes 10.7M (A) iter 6, nblocks 5, nbytes 10.6M (D) iter 7, nblocks 6, nbytes 13.9M (A) iter 8, nblocks 7, nbytes 16.4M (A) iter 9, nblocks 8, nbytes 19.8M (A) iter 10, nblocks 9, nbytes 21.2M (A) iter 11, nblocks 10, nbytes 24.3M (A) iter 12, nblocks 11, nbytes 27.4M (A) iter 13, nblocks 12, nbytes 28.3M (A) iter 14, nblocks 13, nbytes 31.6M (A) iter 15, nblocks 12, nbytes 28.2M (D) iter 16, nblocks 13, nbytes 29.2M (A) iter 17, nblocks 14, nbytes 30.8M (A) iter 18, nblocks 15, nbytes 32.6M (A) iter 19, nblocks 16, nbytes 32.8M (A) iter 20, nblocks 17, nbytes 36.8M (A) iter 21, nblocks 18, nbytes 39.6M (A) iter 22, nblocks 19, nbytes 41.1M (A) iter 23, nblocks 20, nbytes 44.1M (A) iter 24, nblocks 21, nbytes 46.9M (A) iter 25, nblocks 20, nbytes 46.5M (D) iter 26, nblocks 21, nbytes 50.2M (A) iter 27, nblocks 22, nbytes 53.8M (A) Let's make it automatic, so we only need to boot and confirm that it hangs. Just in case we can make it not hang by a miracle. With blocks of up to 64K we hang in the ~50 M region. iter=2042 nblocks=1577 allocated=50458K (A) iter=2043 nblocks=1578 allocated=50489K (A) iter=2044 nblocks=1579 allocated=50550K (A) iter=2045 nblocks=1580 allocated=50605K (A) With blocks of maxsize=512K it also hangs around ~57M. memtool v1.0.0 maxsize=512K iter=0 nblocks=1 allocated=88K (A) iter=1 nblocks=2 allocated=464K (A) ... iter=275 nblocks=218 allocated=56674K (A) iter=276 nblocks=219 allocated=56787K (A) iter=277 nblocks=220 allocated=57252K (A) iter=278 nblocks=221 allocated=57493K (A) iter=279 nblocks=222 allocated=57581K (A) iter=280 nblocks=221 allocated=57416K (D) iter=281 nblocks=222 allocated=57521K (A) Maybe there is a problem in the memory segment? Can we reduce it to 1 GiB only and see if it has any effect? iter=289 nblocks=228 allocated=58636K (A) iter=290 nblocks=227 allocated=58412K (D) iter=291 nblocks=228 allocated=58480K (A) iter=292 nblocks=229 allocated=58599K (A) Has changed, but not much. aaaiter=291 nblocks=228 allocated=58480K (A) allocating... filling... aaaaaaaaiter=292 nblocks=229 allocated=58599K (A) allocating... aafilling... It seems to be getting stuck in the filling phase. Can we trace it down with ftrace? It should be generating page faults. ### 2024-07-10 So, if we manage to crash in the filling phase, we can further pinpoint the issue and remove any effect of `malloc()`. It would be only related to a page fault and the MMU at this point. Let's make a much simpler program that only allocates once a buffer of N bytes and then begins filling it, printing the progress in the output. ### OBSERVATION: Writing to a vector also stops around 58 MiB + memtool fill 536870912 memtool v0.0.1 - Rodrigo Arias Mallo mode fill: nbytes=512M, n=134217728 written=0K, addr=0x3f9b800020 OK written=4096K, addr=0x3f9bc00020 OK written=8192K, addr=0x3f9c000020 OK written=12288K, addr=0x3f9c400020 OK written=16384K, addr=0x3f9c800020 OK written=20480K, addr=0x3f9cc00020 OK written=24576K, addr=0x3f9d000020 OK written=28672K, addr=0x3f9d400020 OK written=32768K, addr=0x3f9d800020 OK written=36864K, addr=0x3f9dc00020 OK written=40960K, addr=0x3f9e000020 OK written=45056K, addr=0x3f9e400020 OK written=49152K, addr=0x3f9e800020 OK written=53248K, addr=0x3f9ec00020 OK written=57344K, addr=0x3f9f000020 OK Let's see if we can trace the page fault. In today's meeting, Jonnatan suggests test the memtool program with all-in-order configuration. I should also try to reproduce this hang with a "production" bitstream (from master). Also, Xavi reports that the memtool chain test continued to run until the memory was exhausted using an old bistream. Let's do the quick CSR test first, and then we go back to the ftrace testing, which will take more time. Here are the commands I was testing, but nothing comes out of the console, even after booting with the `tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M` boot options: mkdir -p /sys/kernel/debug/ mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug/ td=/sys/kernel/debug/tracing echo nop > $td/current_tracer echo 100 > $td/max_graph_depth echo do_page_fault > $td/set_graph_function echo function_graph > $td/current_tracer ### OBSERVATION: Using all-in-order causes the hang in the same place After setting the CSR 0x801 register to 0x7, the all-in-order configuration, the memtool fill tests continues to hang in the same position: + csrtool all-in-order CSR 0x801 = 7u + memtool fill 536870912 memtool v0.0.1 - Rodrigo Arias Mallo mode fill: nbytes=512M, n=134217728 written=0K, addr=0x3f8d600020 OK written=4096K, addr=0x3f8da00020 OK written=8192K, addr=0x3f8de00020 OK written=12288K, addr=0x3f8e200020 OK written=16384K, addr=0x3f8e600020 OK written=20480K, addr=0x3f8ea00020 OK written=24576K, addr=0x3f8ee00020 OK written=28672K, addr=0x3f8f200020 OK written=32768K, addr=0x3f8f600020 OK written=36864K, addr=0x3f8fa00020 OK written=40960K, addr=0x3f8fe00020 OK written=45056K, addr=0x3f90200020 OK written=49152K, addr=0x3f90600020 OK written=53248K, addr=0x3f90a00020 OK written=57344K, addr=0x3f90e00020 OK It doesn't seem to have any observable effect with this test, other than going more slow. Interesting [article](https://wiki.osdev.org/RISC-V_Bare_Bones) on how to write a simple bootrom that outputs some ASCII text into the console. Regarding the `do_page_fault` filter, it seems that is no available. I need to pick one from `available_filter_functions` instead. Let's try `handle_page_fault`. It still doesn't seem to appear in the console. It is visible with a SysRq request Ctrl+O then 'z'. Maybe I can try disabling the huge pages, just to discard that it may be related to it: `CONFIG_HUGETLBFS`. Same hang with huge pages disabled, but a bit further ~70 MB. ### OBSERVATION: The Linux memtest fails in the first round [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.9.7 (nixbld@localhost) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.41) #1-NixOS Thu Jun 27 11:52:32 UTC 2024 [ 0.000000] Machine model: Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) [ 0.000000] SBI specification v2.0 detected [ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x10004 [ 0.000000] SBI TIME extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI IPI extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI RFENCE extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI DBCN extension detected [ 0.000000] earlycon: sbi0 at I/O port 0x0 (options '') [ 0.000000] printk: legacy bootconsole [sbi0] enabled [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000060000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@60000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000060000000..0x000000006fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@60000000 [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000070000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@70000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000070000000..0x000000007fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@70000000 [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x00000000bf000000 on node -1 [ 0.000000] early_memtest: # of tests: 3 [ 0.000000] 0x0000000080000000 - 0x0000000080013000 pattern 5555555555555555 This is not suggesting that the problem is not in the virtual memory, but with the actual physical memory. I will try a similar test with uboot with the `mtest` command, but requires enabling it first. ### OBSERVATION: Memory in the 0xb0000000..0xc0000000 range is bad Reproduced from U-Boot: => mtest 0x80000000 0x90000000 0 2 Testing 80000000 ... 90000000: Pattern FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Writing... Reading...Iteration: 2 Tested 2 iteration(s) with 0 errors. => mtest 0x90000000 0xa0000000 0 2 Testing 90000000 ... a0000000: Pattern FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Writing... Reading...Iteration: 2 Tested 2 iteration(s) with 0 errors. => mtest 0xa0000000 0xb0000000 0 2 Testing a0000000 ... b0000000: Pattern FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Writing... Reading...Iteration: 2 Tested 2 iteration(s) with 0 errors. => mtest 0xb0000000 0xc0000000 0 2 Testing b0000000 ... c0000000: Pattern 0000000000000000 Writing... Let's see if we can fix the boot hang by reducing the memory enough to avoid this bad region. ## 2024-07-11 ### OBSERVATION: U-Boot mtest hangs in the last 256 MiB After reducing the size of the RAM segment, I run again the mtest, but this time it fails in the last 256 MiB block. I assume that U-Boot moves itself to the last part of the memory, and them mtest overwrites the U-Boot code, causing a hang. So, I simply changed the FDT from U-Boot to skip the first 2M: fdt set /memory@80000000 reg <0x0 0x80200000 0x0 0x40000000> And then I enabled the memtest in the kernel boot parameters: => fdt set /memory@80000000 reg <0x0 0x80200000 0x0 0x30000000> => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 boot.trace boot.tracedebug init=/nix/store/zxbq93zfg8ijkyq5cq5sb4742rczqfck-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init" => setenv ramdisk_size 12611657 => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 boot.trace boot.tracedebug memtest=3 init=/nix/store/zxbq93zfg8ijkyq5cq5sb4742rczqfck-nixos-system-nixos-risc=> 4.11pre-git/init" => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} Moving Image from 0x84000000 to 0x80200000, end=8303c4d0 ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80013000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80013000 Working FDT set to 80013000 Using Device Tree in place at 0000000080013000, end 000000008001696f Working FDT set to 80013000 Starting kernel ... [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.9.7 (nixbld@localhost) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.41) #1-NixOS Thu Jun 27 11:52:32 UTC 2024 [ 0.000000] Machine model: Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) [ 0.000000] SBI specification v2.0 detected [ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x10004 [ 0.000000] SBI TIME extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI IPI extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI RFENCE extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI DBCN extension detected [ 0.000000] earlycon: sbi0 at I/O port 0x0 (options '') [ 0.000000] printk: legacy bootconsole [sbi0] enabled [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000060000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@60000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000060000000..0x000000006fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@60000000 [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000070000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@70000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000070000000..0x000000007fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@70000000 [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x00000000af000000 on node -1 [ 0.000000] early_memtest: # of tests: 3 [ 0.000000] 0x0000000083200000 - 0x000000008c300000 pattern 5555555555555555 [ 0.000000] 0x000000009e912000 - 0x00000000aeff9308 pattern 5555555555555555 [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeff9337 - 0x00000000aeff9338 pattern 5555555555555555 [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeff9367 - 0x00000000aeff9368 pattern 5555555555555555 [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeffcffc - 0x00000000aeffd000 pattern 5555555555555555 [ 0.000000] 0x0000000083200000 - 0x000000008c300000 pattern ffffffffffffffff [ 0.000000] 0x000000009e912000 - 0x00000000aeff9308 pattern ffffffffffffffff [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeff9337 - 0x00000000aeff9338 pattern ffffffffffffffff [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeff9367 - 0x00000000aeff9368 pattern ffffffffffffffff [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeffcffc - 0x00000000aeffd000 pattern ffffffffffffffff [ 0.000000] 0x0000000083200000 - 0x000000008c300000 pattern 0000000000000000 [ 0.000000] 0x000000009e912000 - 0x00000000aeff9308 pattern 0000000000000000 [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeff9337 - 0x00000000aeff9338 pattern 0000000000000000 [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeff9367 - 0x00000000aeff9368 pattern 0000000000000000 [ 0.000000] 0x00000000aeffcffc - 0x00000000aeffd000 pattern 0000000000000000 [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000b01fffff] [ 0.000000] Normal empty [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x00000000b01fffff] That seems to pass the memtest fine, however the boot process hangs in different stages. ### OBSERVATION: Cannot open /dev/ttyS0 ~ # setserial -g /dev/ttyS1 -a /dev/ttyS1, Line 1, UART: 16550, Port: 0x0000, IRQ: 1 Baud_base: 3125000, close_delay: 50, divisor: 0 closing_wait: 3000 Flags: spd_normal ~ # setserial -g /dev/ttyS0 -a (hangs) This page seems to have good resources on the serial console: https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO-16.html It seems that there are some differences in the way the serial port is handled regarding 16550 and 16550A. I can write to the UART console from U-Boot by directly writing in the 0x40001000 address (A = 0x41): => help mw mw - memory write (fill) Usage: mw [.b, .w, .l, .q] address value [count] => mw 0x40001000 0x41 A=> mw 0x40001000 0x42 B=> mw 0x40001000 0x43 C=> ### OBSERVATION: I can type with the ttyS0 8250 driver Tried to boot too, but hangs: => fdt set /memory@80000000 reg <0x0 0x80200000 0x0 0x30000000> => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=ttyS0,115200n8 boot.trace boot.tracedebug init=/nix/store/zxbq93zfg8ijkyq5cq5sb4742rczqfck-nixos- system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git/init" => setenv ramdisk_size 12611657 => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} ... [ 30.740740] riscv-plic 40800000.plic: mapped 3 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts. [ 40.048300] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled [ 40.420000] of_serial 40001000.serial: error -ENXIO: IRQ index 0 not found [ 40.496720] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] disabled [ 40.558860] 40001000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x40001000 (irq = 0, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550 [ 40.583940] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] enabled [ 40.583940] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] enabled [ 40.595760] printk: legacy bootconsole [sbi0] disabled [ 40.595760] printk: legacy bootconsole [sbi0] disabled [ 40.820380] 40003000.serial: ttyS1 at MMIO 0x40003000 (irq = 1, base_baud = 3125000) is a 16550 ... <<< NixOS Stage 2 >>> [ 394.678980] EXT4-fs (pmem0p2): re-mounted 44444444-4444-4444-8888-888888888888 r/w. Quota mode: none. [ 394.764620] booting system configuration /nix/store/zxbq93zfg8ijkyq5cq5sb4742rczqfck-nixos-system-nixos-riscv-24.11pre-git runnin[ 398.543300] stage-2-init: running activation script... g activation script... So, if we observe a hang when writing to a bad memory segment, can there be a problem in the place we are placing the pmem? Maybe we can test it with u-boot first. Another note, the serial device 16550 doesn't seem to use a FIFO, but the 16550A does. We may want to switch to the A variant, as it seems to be supported by U-boot and the kernel: https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot/blob/master/drivers/serial/ns16550.c#L607-L619 https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v6.9/drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_of.c#L285 And defines a FIFO size of 16 bytes: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v6.9/drivers/tty/serial/8250/8250_port.c#L74-L81 Still, we would have to wait for a bitstream that can forward the interrupts from the host to the serial console to test it. ### OBSERVATION: The memory for the pmem seems to be ok => mtest 0x100000000 0x1c0000000 0 2 Testing 100000000 ... 1c0000000: Pattern FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Writing... Reading...Iteration: 2 Tested 2 iteration(s) with 0 errors. It may be worth enabling huge pages again, as there didn't seem to have any effect. ### OBSERVATION: There are extra regions mapped by OpenSBI In the OpenSBI 1.2 test from buildroot: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff () Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080010000 But with OpenSBI 1.4: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040000fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080020000-0x000000008002ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080013000 ## 2024-07-12 I find it strange that if we are writing to the 0x80000000 region from the kernel and OpenSBI has mapped a segment for Machine mode only, there is no error message about it in the console. Let's update to OpenSBI 1.5 for now, and see if we get any more information. It seems to be booting fine. So, I observed the `udevadm settle` to take a lot of time, maybe I can get some clues by enabling the debug mode. If a trap is being issued, we may be able to modify OpenSBI to print some information to the serial console so we can understand what is going on. In the meanwhile, let's try a simple test. We can enable debug output of systemd with the following boot options: systemd.log_level=debug systemd.log_target=console We will also need to run `csrtool all-in-order` to arrive to systemd. ### OBSERVATION: Hangs in `switch_root` again. Technically, we cannot discard the hypothesis than only the console has crashed, as when we switch to the stage 2 we don't have the heartbeat counter. We may as well run it again before we arrive to systemd just to verify that userland crashed. On the other hand, I don't understand why we hang in such a way when we try to write to the `0x8000_0000` area from the kernel memtest. I've been reading the OpenSBI source code and they seem to have a trap handler that can emit verbose information to the console when a problem with the trap is detected. I would expect to see some error being dumped to the console in that case. From the OpenSBI information, this line: Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Suggests that it registers a region with no write permission at `0x8000_0000`, so it should fail right away from the kernel side. However, this is not reported anywhere in the console. As we have an easy way to trigger this situation, maybe we can use it as a test to modify OpenSBI to report that problem to the console and verify that it is working. With that information, we could rule out that a similar problem is happening when we try to run systemd. Maybe we could also try to debug other traps. Another observation is that the memtest lines we see on the console are printed *before* the actual test begins: pr_info(" %pa - %pa pattern %016llx\n", &this_start, &this_end, cpu_to_be64(pattern)); memtest(pattern, this_start, this_end - this_start); So when this line is shown: [ 0.000000] early_memtest: # of tests: 3 [ 0.000000] 0x0000000080000000 - 0x0000000080013000 pattern 5555555555555555 We an infer that the problem is located in that region, which agrees with the hypothesis that is related with the OpenSBI regions. This is the output I get with OpenSBI 1.5: OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| Platform Name : ox (Rodrigo NixOS version) Platform Features : medeleg Platform HART Count : 1 Platform IPI Device : --- Platform Timer Device : axi_timer @ 50000000Hz Platform Console Device : uart8250 Platform HSM Device : --- Platform PMU Device : --- Platform Reboot Device : --- Platform Shutdown Device : --- Platform Suspend Device : --- Platform CPPC Device : --- Firmware Base : 0x80000000 Firmware Size : 310 KB Firmware RW Offset : 0x40000 Firmware RW Size : 54 KB Firmware Heap Offset : 0x45000 Firmware Heap Size : 34 KB (total), 2 KB (reserved), 11 KB (used), 20 KB (free) Firmware Scratch Size : 4096 B (total), 368 B (used), 3728 B (free) Runtime SBI Version : 2.0 Domain0 Name : root Domain0 Boot HART : 0 Domain0 HARTs : 0* Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040000fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008004ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080017000 Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode Domain0 SysReset : yes Domain0 SysSuspend : yes Boot HART ID : 0 Boot HART Domain : root Boot HART Priv Version : v1.10 Boot HART Base ISA : rv64imafdc Boot HART ISA Extensions : zicntr,zihpm,sdtrig Boot HART PMP Count : 0 Boot HART PMP Granularity : 0 bits Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 0 Boot HART MHPM Info : 29 (0xfffffff8) Boot HART Debug Triggers : 0 triggers Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222 Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109 Core: 12 devices, 8 uclasses, devicetree: board Loading Environment from nowhere... OK In: serial,usbkbd Out: serial,vidconsole Err: serial,vidconsole No working controllers found Net: No ethernet found. Working FDT set to 80017000 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 Device 0: unknown device Device 1: unknown device scanning bus for devices... Device 0: unknown device starting USB... No working controllers found No ethernet found. No ethernet found. => Where now the regions are slightly off: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040000fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008004ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) I would assume that the region 1 is where OpenSBI places its own data, and region 2 is where it places its own code. Then, in region 0 there is the serial area. Interestingly, I can read and write to the 0x80000000 - 0x81000000 from u-boot without problems: => mtest 0x80000000 0x81000000 0 4 Testing 80000000 ... 81000000: Pattern FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Writing... Reading...Iteration: 4 Tested 4 iteration(s) with 0 errors. So I suspect that it disables those regions before jumping into U-Boot. What I don't understand is why the MMIO region 0 is starting at 0x40000000 while the UART port should be mapped in 0x40001000 as per the device tree. Maybe we could try with the generic configuration of OpenSBI and see if it can load the plic and the serial ports properly directly from the device tree. Nice, with OpenSBI 1.5 I can see the console errors when trying the generic configuration: OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| init_coldboot: timer init failed (error -3) Seems to be failing in `sbi_timer_init()` with `cold_boot = true`. And the -3 error seems to be: #define SBI_ERR_INVALID_PARAM -3 I assume it is calling `fdt_timer_init()`. Let's try removing the `reg-names` property, as it seems to cause it to enter a different branch, but "control" is never matched there. Still failing, the problem must be somewhere else. Let's try with openpiton configuration instead. Doesn't even start the UART: GGGGGGGGG These G's must be coming from the bootrom. So let's go back to the generic platform and place some `printf()` calls to determine where it is failing. OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| sbi_timer_init: begins sbi_timer_init: got Zicntr extension fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: got match, name = riscv,clint0 fdt_timer_cold_init: enabled fdt_timer_cold_init: drc->cold_init = -3 fdt_timer_init: fdt_timer_cold_init failed (-3) sbi_platform_timer: sbi_platform_timer_init failed (-3) init_coldboot: timer init failed (error -3) Okay, now we can see where it failed. I wonder why aren't these messages enabled by default. I'll guess this is the `timer_mtimer_cold_init()` function, so let's add some more instrumentation there. It seems that SiFive timer has a very long weird offset: if (is_clint) { /* SiFive CLINT */ /* Set CLINT addresses */ mt->mtimecmp_addr = addr[0] + ACLINT_DEFAULT_MTIMECMP_OFFSET; mt->mtimecmp_size = ACLINT_DEFAULT_MTIMECMP_SIZE; if (!quirks->clint_without_mtime) { mt->mtime_addr = addr[0] + ACLINT_DEFAULT_MTIME_OFFSET; mt->mtime_size = size[0] - mt->mtimecmp_size; /* Adjust MTIMER address and size for CLINT device */ mt->mtime_addr += quirks->clint_mtime_offset; mt->mtime_size -= quirks->clint_mtime_offset; } else { mt->mtime_addr = mt->mtime_size = 0; } mt->mtimecmp_addr += quirks->clint_mtime_offset; } else { /* RISC-V ACLINT MTIMER */ /* Set ACLINT MTIMER addresses */ mt->mtime_addr = addr[0]; mt->mtime_size = size[0]; mt->mtimecmp_addr = addr[1]; mt->mtimecmp_size = size[1]; } We may want to use the ACLINT timer instead. Let's first see where the addresses lay in memory, and then use that to verify we change it to 0x0 and 0x8. GGGGGGGGG OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| sbi_timer_init: begins sbi_timer_init: got Zicntr extension fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: got match, name = riscv,clint0 fdt_timer_cold_init: enabled timer_mtimer_cold_init: begins, is_clint = 1 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x4000dff8 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_size = 0x000b4008 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x40006000 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x00007ff8 fdt_timer_cold_init: drc->cold_init = -3 fdt_timer_init: fdt_timer_cold_init failed (-3) sbi_platform_timer: sbi_platform_timer_init failed (-3) init_coldboot: timer init failed (error -3) Yeah, those addresses are not what we want. Based on the device tree, the clint must be at 0x40002000, so they should be 40002000 and 40002008. Also I made some typos in the printf command, this is the patch: + sbi_printf("timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x%08lx\n", mt->mtime_addr); + sbi_printf("timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_size = 0x%08lx\n", mt->mtime_size); + sbi_printf("timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x%08lx\n", mt->mtimecmp_addr); + sbi_printf("timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x%08lx\n", mt->mtimecmp_size); So, let's fix the patch and switch to the "riscv,aclint-mtimer" timer, which doesn't set any quirk or weird offset. GGGGGGGGG OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| sbi_timer_init: begins sbi_timer_init: got Zicntr extension fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: got match, name = riscv,aclint-mtimer fdt_timer_cold_init: enabled timer_mtimer_cold_init: begins, is_clint = 0 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x40002000 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_size = 0x000c0000 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtimecmp_addr = 0x00000000 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtimecmp_size = 0x00000000 fdt_timer_cold_init: drc->cold_init = -3 fdt_timer_init: fdt_timer_cold_init failed (-3) sbi_platform_timer: sbi_platform_timer_init failed (-3) init_coldboot: timer init failed (error -3) So, now we have better addresses, but this is not what I would expect. The regs property is being used to set the mtime address and size, while I would expect it to set the `mtimecmp_addr` too, but it seems it is expecting two pairs of address and size in the regs: reg = <0x0 0x40002000 0x0 0x000c0000>; So, first let's add the mtimecmp after the mtime registers and see if that clears the -3 error. I'll leave it at 0x40002000, but I suspect the address might be 0x40170000: #define OX_ALVEO_TIMER_BASE 0x40170000 After booting again, now it seems to work. But I'm not sure if that may cause more problems down the line. GGGGGGGGG OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| sbi_timer_init: begins sbi_timer_init: got Zicntr extension fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: got match, name = riscv,aclint-mtimer fdt_timer_cold_init: enabled timer_mtimer_cold_init: begins, is_clint = 0 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x40002000 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_size = 0x00000008 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtimecmp_addr = 0x40002008 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtimecmp_size = 0x00000008 fdt_timer_cold_init: drc->cold_init = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 1 fdt_timer_cold_init: returns 0 Platform Name : Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) Platform Features : medeleg Platform HART Count : 1 Platform IPI Device : --- Platform Timer Device : aclint-mtimer @ 50000Hz Platform Console Device : uart8250 Platform HSM Device : --- Platform PMU Device : --- Platform Reboot Device : --- Platform Shutdown Device : --- Platform Suspend Device : --- Platform CPPC Device : --- Firmware Base : 0x80000000 Firmware Size : 327 KB Firmware RW Offset : 0x40000 Firmware RW Size : 71 KB Firmware Heap Offset : 0x49000 Firmware Heap Size : 35 KB (total), 2 KB (reserved), 11 KB (used), 21 KB (free) Firmware Scratch Size : 4096 B (total), 408 B (used), 3688 B (free) Runtime SBI Version : 2.0 Domain0 Name : root Domain0 Boot HART : 0 Domain0 HARTs : 0* Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040002000-0x000000004000200f M: (I,R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region04 : 0x0000000040800000-0x0000000040bfffff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region05 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000082200000 Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode Domain0 SysReset : yes Domain0 SysSuspend : yes Boot HART ID : 0 Boot HART Domain : root Boot HART Priv Version : v1.10 Boot HART Base ISA : rv64imafdc Boot HART ISA Extensions : zicntr,zihpm,sdtrig Boot HART PMP Count : 0 Boot HART PMP Granularity : 0 bits Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 0 Boot HART MHPM Info : 29 (0xfffffff8) Boot HART Debug Triggers : 0 triggers Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222 Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109 Core: 12 devices, 8 uclasses, devicetree: board Loading Environment from nowhere... OK In: serial,usbkbd Out: serial,vidconsole Err: serial,vidconsole No working controllers found Net: No ethernet found. Working FDT set to 82200000 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 Device 0: unknown device Device 1: unknown device scanning bus for devices... Device 0: unknown device starting USB... No working controllers found No ethernet found. No ethernet found. However, now I cannot boot the kernel, as it is overwriting the FDT: => printenv fdtcontroladdr fdtcontroladdr=82200000 => fdt addr ${fdtcontroladdr } Working fdt: 82200000 => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0" => setenv ramdisk_size 12614846 => #booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} => printenv kernel_addr_r kernel_addr_r=0x84000000 => printenv ramdisk_addr_r ramdisk_addr_r=0x8c300000 => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} Moving Image from 0x84000000 to 0x80200000, end=83044650 ERROR: Did not find a cmdline Flattened Device Tree Could not find a valid device tree Let's move the FDT to 0x80100000. Now I can load the kernel, but it gets stuck in the middle of the boot: GGGGGGGGG OpenSBI v1.5 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| sbi_timer_init: begins sbi_timer_init: got Zicntr extension fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: got match, name = riscv,aclint-mtimer fdt_timer_cold_init: enabled timer_mtimer_cold_init: begins, is_clint = 0 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_addr = 0x40002000 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtime_size = 0x00000008 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtimecmp_addr = 0x40002008 timer_mtimer_cold_init: mtimecmp_size = 0x00000008 fdt_timer_cold_init: drc->cold_init = 0 fdt_timer_cold_init: pos = 1 fdt_timer_cold_init: returns 0 Platform Name : Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) Platform Features : medeleg Platform HART Count : 1 Platform IPI Device : --- Platform Timer Device : aclint-mtimer @ 50000Hz Platform Console Device : uart8250 Platform HSM Device : --- Platform PMU Device : --- Platform Reboot Device : --- Platform Shutdown Device : --- Platform Suspend Device : --- Platform CPPC Device : --- Firmware Base : 0x80000000 Firmware Size : 327 KB Firmware RW Offset : 0x40000 Firmware RW Size : 71 KB Firmware Heap Offset : 0x49000 Firmware Heap Size : 35 KB (total), 2 KB (reserved), 11 KB (used), 21 KB (free) Firmware Scratch Size : 4096 B (total), 408 B (used), 3688 B (free) Runtime SBI Version : 2.0 Domain0 Name : root Domain0 Boot HART : 0 Domain0 HARTs : 0* Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040002000-0x000000004000200f M: (I,R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region04 : 0x0000000040800000-0x0000000040bfffff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region05 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080100000 Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode Domain0 SysReset : yes Domain0 SysSuspend : yes Boot HART ID : 0 Boot HART Domain : root Boot HART Priv Version : v1.10 Boot HART Base ISA : rv64imafdc Boot HART ISA Extensions : zicntr,zihpm,sdtrig Boot HART PMP Count : 0 Boot HART PMP Granularity : 0 bits Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 0 Boot HART MHPM Info : 29 (0xfffffff8) Boot HART Debug Triggers : 0 triggers Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222 Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109 Core: 12 devices, 8 uclasses, devicetree: board Loading Environment from nowhere... OK In: serial,usbkbd Out: serial,vidconsole Err: serial,vidconsole No working controllers found Net: No ethernet found. Working FDT set to 80100000 Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 Device 0: unknown device Device 1: unknown device scanning bus for devices... Device 0: unknown device starting USB... No working controllers found No ethernet found. No ethernet found. => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0" => setenv ramdisk_size 12614846 => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} Moving Image from 0x84000000 to 0x80200000, end=83044650 ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80100000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80100000 Working FDT set to 80100000 ERROR: reserving fdt memory region failed (addr=80000000 size=4000000 flags=4) Using Device Tree in place at 0000000080100000, end 0000000080103dd0 Working FDT set to 80100000 Starting kernel ... [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.9.7 (nixbld@localhost) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.41) #1-NixOS Thu Jun 27 11:52:32 UTC 2024 [ 0.000000] Machine model: Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) [ 0.000000] SBI specification v2.0 detected [ 0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x10005 [ 0.000000] SBI TIME extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI IPI extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI RFENCE extension detected [ 0.000000] SBI DBCN extension detected [ 0.000000] earlycon: sbi0 at I/O port 0x0 (options '') [ 0.000000] printk: legacy bootconsole [sbi0] enabled [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: Reserved memory: failed to reserve memory for node 'reserved@80000000': base 0x0000000080000000, size 64 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: OVERLAP DETECTED! [ 0.000000] mmode_resv1@80000000 (0x0000000080000000--0x0000000080040000) overlaps with reserved@80000000 (0x0000000080000000--0x0000000084000000) [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: OVERLAP DETECTED! [ 0.000000] reserved@80000000 (0x0000000080000000--0x0000000084000000) overlaps with mmode_resv0@80040000 (0x0000000080040000--0x0000000080060000) [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000060000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@60000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000060000000..0x000000006fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@60000000 [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000070000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@70000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000070000000..0x000000007fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@70000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080000000..0x000000008003ffff (256 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv1@80000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080000000..0x0000000083ffffff (65536 KiB) nomap non-reusable reserved@80000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080040000..0x000000008005ffff (128 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv0@80040000 [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x00000000af000000 on node -1 [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal empty [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008005ffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080060000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Falling back to deprecated "riscv,isa" [ 0.000000] riscv: base ISA extensions adfim [ 0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities adfim [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d131072 u131072 alloc=1*131072 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear) [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 193536 [ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off [ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffffffc6fea00000 - 0xffffffc6ff000000 (6144 kB) [ 0.000000] pci io : 0xffffffc6ff000000 - 0xffffffc700000000 ( 16 MB) [ 0.000000] vmemmap : 0xffffffc700000000 - 0xffffffc800000000 (4096 MB) [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xffffffc800000000 - 0xffffffd800000000 ( 64 GB) [ 0.000000] modules : 0xffffffff02e45000 - 0xffffffff80000000 (2001 MB) [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xffffffd800000000 - 0xffffffd830000000 ( 768 MB) [ 0.000000] kernel : 0xffffffff80000000 - 0xffffffffffffffff (2047 MB) [ 0.000000] Memory: 386632K/786432K available (17075K kernel code, 9047K rwdata, 10240K rodata, 8737K init, 917K bss, 383416K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved) [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] ftrace: allocating 46961 entries in 184 pages [ 0.000000] ftrace: allocated 184 pages with 4 groups [ 0.000000] trace event string verifier disabled [ 0.000000] RCU Tasks Rude: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1. [ 0.000000] RCU Tasks Trace: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0 [ 0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped [ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x179dd7f66, max_idle_ns: 56421785867800 ns [ 0.000020] sched_clock: 64 bits at 50kHz, resolution 20000ns, wraps every 70368744170000ns [ 0.015020] kfence: initialized - using 2097152 bytes for 255 objects at 0x(____ptrval____)-0x(____ptrval____) [ 0.035900] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.041720] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 0.10 BogoMIPS (lpj=200) [ 0.052480] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.187380] LSM: initializing lsm=capability,landlock,yama [ 0.479640] landlock: Up and running. [ 0.483700] Yama: becoming mindful. [ 0.521600] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear) [ 0.529780] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear) [ 0.784220] riscv: ELF compat mode unsupported [ 0.784600] ASID allocator disabled (0 bits) [ 0.867620] devtmpfs: initialized [ 0.986340] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns [ 0.996900] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 12288 bytes, linear) [ 1.084560] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [ 1.195460] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family [ 1.244960] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations [ 1.255960] DMA: preallocated 128 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations [ 1.266500] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled) [ 1.317920] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise' [ 1.319800] cpuidle: using governor ladder This is very interesting, because all these lockups show the same symptoms and they may be related with the kernel trying to access an area of memory that it shouldn't. First, let's remove the reserved region, as now OpenSBI properly forwards the regions to the kernel. It continues to hang, but at least now we don't have overlap of memory regions: [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000060000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@60000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000060000000..0x000000006fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@60000000 [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000070000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@70000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000070000000..0x000000007fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@70000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080000000..0x000000008003ffff (256 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv1@80000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080040000..0x000000008005ffff (128 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv0@80040000 [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x00000000af000000 on node -1 [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal empty [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008005ffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080060000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000afffffff] Let's remove the clint from the device tree for now, just to see if it is affecting. Disabling the clint doesn't seem to cause any effect. In fact, the kernel is still able to get a clock as shown in the kernel messages. ### OBSERVATION: The kernel hangs after the unaligned check begins I enabled the ftrace for initcall and I can see that is getting stuck in the unaligned check: Domain0 Name : root Domain0 Boot HART : 0 Domain0 HARTs : 0* Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000040800000-0x0000000040bfffff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region04 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080100000 Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode Domain0 SysReset : yes Domain0 SysSuspend : yes ... => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 trace_event=initcall:* trace_options=sym-addr tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M" => setenv ramdisk_size 12614846 => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} ... [ 0.000000] printk: legacy bootconsole [sbi0] enabled [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000060000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@60000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000060000000..0x000000006fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@60000000 [ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x0000000070000000, size 256 MiB [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node dma_pool@70000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000070000000..0x000000007fffffff (262144 KiB) map non-reusable dma_pool@70000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080000000..0x000000008003ffff (256 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv1@80000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080040000..0x000000008005ffff (128 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv0@80040000 [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x00000000af000000 on node -1 [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal empty [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008005ffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080060000-0x00000000afffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000afffffff] ... [ 2.736300] initcall_finish: func=init_ladder+0x0/0x40 ret=0 [ 2.742640] initcall_start: func=init_menu+0x0/0x38 [ 2.748200] initcall_finish: func=init_menu+0x0/0x38 ret=0 [ 2.754400] initcall_start: func=rpmsg_init+0x0/0xc0 [ 2.763400] initcall_finish: func=rpmsg_init+0x0/0xc0 ret=0 [ 2.769840] initcall_start: func=rpmsg_chrdev_init+0x0/0xc0 [ 2.777660] initcall_finish: func=rpmsg_chrdev_init+0x0/0xc0 ret=0 [ 2.784540] initcall_start: func=rpmsg_ctrldev_init+0x0/0xbc [ 2.792460] initcall_finish: func=rpmsg_ctrldev_init+0x0/0xbc ret=0 [ 2.799420] initcall_start: func=rpmsg_ns_init+0x0/0x6c [ 2.807460] initcall_finish: func=rpmsg_ns_init+0x0/0x6c ret=0 [ 2.814120] initcall_start: func=kobject_uevent_init+0x0/0x30 [ 2.821120] initcall_finish: func=kobject_uevent_init+0x0/0x30 ret=0 [ 2.830980] initcall_level: level=arch [ 2.835460] initcall_start: func=riscv_cpuinfo_init+0x0/0x78 [ 2.841960] initcall_finish: func=riscv_cpuinfo_init+0x0/0x78 ret=0 [ 2.848920] initcall_start: func=vdso_init+0x0/0x4c [ 2.855560] initcall_finish: func=vdso_init+0x0/0x4c ret=0 [ 2.861900] initcall_start: func=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0x0/0x1d4 This makes me wonder if what has just happened is that somehow we have overwritten the OpenSBI trap for unaligned access and we are now executing some garbage code in machine mode. Based on the OpenSBI regions, I would assume here is where the traps should be: Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () It should be feasible to read the memory from the host where those traps are placed. Here are the FDT reserved areas that U-Boot sees before switching to the kernel: => fdt print /reserved-memory reserved-memory { #address-cells = <0x00000002>; #size-cells = <0x00000002>; ranges; mmode_resv1@80000000 { reg = <0x00000000 0x80000000 0x00000000 0x00040000>; no-map; }; mmode_resv0@80040000 { reg = <0x00000000 0x80040000 0x00000000 0x00020000>; no-map; }; dma_pool@60000000 { reg = <0x00000000 0x60000000 0x00000000 0x10000000>; compatible = "shared-dma-pool"; }; dma_pool@70000000 { reg = <0x00000000 0x70000000 0x00000000 0x10000000>; compatible = "shared-dma-pool"; }; }; Which match with the ones the kernel parse: [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080000000..0x000000008003ffff (256 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv1@80000000 [ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: 0x0000000080040000..0x000000008005ffff (128 KiB) nomap non-reusable mmode_resv0@80040000 And with the OpenSBI regions (in reverse order): Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Let's add some instrumentation in the code that handles the traps in OpenSBI. Memory regions: 0x8000_0000 to 0x8003_ffff : OpenSBI code 0x8004_0000 to 0x8005_ffff : OpenSBI data 0x8010_0000 to 0x801._.... : FDT 0x8020_0000 to 0x8020_.... : U-Boot (later kernel) 0x8020_1000 to 0x81fa_0b87 : Kernel image 80201000-80cb177f : Kernel code 81400000-819fffff : Kernel rodata 81c00000-81f18747 : Kernel data 81f19000-81fa0b87 : Kernel bss 0x8400_0000 to 0x84.._.... M: (R,W) S/U: () Linux kernel Okay, so we enter the unaligned access check: ![ 2.947680] initcall_start: func=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0x0/0x1d4 $ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ ... !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned load$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ !OpenSBI: misaligned store$ But we never arrive to anywhere else. Here are the current options that match ALIGN: hut% grep ALIGN /nix/store/c9jr35xnh2ffzjvkq8nvzj9i2siz1n4s-linux-config-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-6.9.7 CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_ALLOW=y CONFIG_RISCV_MISALIGNED=y CONFIG_RISCV_PROBE_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y # CONFIG_RISCV_EMULATED_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is not set # CONFIG_RISCV_SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is not set # CONFIG_RISCV_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is not set CONFIG_HAVE_64BIT_ALIGNED_ACCESS=y CONFIG_FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT=0 CONFIG_DMA_BOUNCE_UNALIGNED_KMALLOC=y CONFIG_CMA_ALIGNMENT=8 # CONFIG_DEBUG_FORCE_FUNCTION_ALIGN_64B is not set We may want to set these two: # CONFIG_RISCV_EMULATED_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is not set # CONFIG_RISCV_SLOW_UNALIGNED_ACCESS is not set And disable CONFIG_RISCV_PROBE_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y So we don't perform the probing. However, this may bite later, so probably is a better idea to debug it now. I could bound where it is failing as it doesn't seem to be outside the speed check function. Those 8 pairs of load and store calls seem to match this assembly function in arch/riscv/kernel/copy-unaligned.S: /* void __riscv_copy_bytes_unaligned(void *, const void *, size_t) */ /* Performs a memcpy without aligning buffers, using only byte accesses. */ /* Note: The size is truncated to a multiple of 8 */ SYM_FUNC_START(__riscv_copy_bytes_unaligned) andi a4, a2, ~(8-1) beqz a4, 2f add a3, a1, a4 1: lb a4, 0(a1) lb a5, 1(a1) lb a6, 2(a1) lb a7, 3(a1) lb t0, 4(a1) lb t1, 5(a1) lb t2, 6(a1) lb t3, 7(a1) sb a4, 0(a0) sb a5, 1(a0) sb a6, 2(a0) sb a7, 3(a0) sb t0, 4(a0) sb t1, 5(a0) sb t2, 6(a0) sb t3, 7(a0) addi a0, a0, 8 addi a1, a1, 8 bltu a1, a3, 1b 2: ret SYM_FUNC_END(__riscv_copy_bytes_unaligned) Booted again with simpler output: > So here is the simplified output using the format `` where X is one character that differentiates the type of trap. Based on the code that performs the check: /* * For a fixed amount of time, repeatedly try the function, and take * the best time in cycles as the measurement. */ while (time_before(jiffies, now + (1 << MISALIGNED_ACCESS_JIFFIES_LG2))) { start_cycles = get_cycles64(); /* Ensure the CSR read can't reorder WRT to the copy. */ mb(); __riscv_copy_words_unaligned(dst, src, MISALIGNED_COPY_SIZE); /* Ensure the copy ends before the end time is snapped. */ mb(); end_cycles = get_cycles64(); if ((end_cycles - start_cycles) < word_cycles) word_cycles = end_cycles - start_cycles; } byte_cycles = -1ULL; __riscv_copy_bytes_unaligned(dst, src, MISALIGNED_COPY_SIZE); start_jiffies = jiffies; while ((now = jiffies) == start_jiffies) cpu_relax(); while (time_before(jiffies, now + (1 << MISALIGNED_ACCESS_JIFFIES_LG2))) { start_cycles = get_cycles64(); mb(); __riscv_copy_bytes_unaligned(dst, src, MISALIGNED_COPY_SIZE); mb(); end_cycles = get_cycles64(); if ((end_cycles - start_cycles) < byte_cycles) byte_cycles = end_cycles - start_cycles; } preempt_enable(); /* Don't divide by zero. */ if (!word_cycles || !byte_cycles) { pr_warn("cpu%d: rdtime lacks granularity needed to measure unaligned access speed\n", cpu); return 0; } if (word_cycles < byte_cycles) speed = RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_FAST; ratio = div_u64((byte_cycles * 100), word_cycles); pr_info("cpu%d: Ratio of byte access time to unaligned word access is %d.%02d, unaligned accesses are %s\n", cpu, ratio / 100, ratio % 100, (speed == RISCV_HWPROBE_MISALIGNED_FAST) ? "fast" : "slow"); The fact that the print line with the "Ratio of byte access..." doesn't appear, puts the hang place at some point in between the check and the `pr_info()` call. If this is a problem on the OpenSBI side, we can bisect the code to find out where the problem was introduced. But first, I would have to try OpenSBI 1.4 and ensure we can reproduce it. Okay so with OpenSBI 1.4 we have a hang in the same place. Lets compare the domain regions: With OpenSBI 1.4 `fpga/alveo_ox`: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040000fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008004ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080017000 With OpenSBI 1.4 `generic`: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000040800000-0x0000000040bfffff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region04 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080100000 With OpenSBI 1.5 `generic`: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000040800000-0x0000000040bfffff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region04 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080100000 So we have several changes. First, the PLIC has a new memory map. Let's comment it out in the device tree, and see what happens. Hangs in the same place, but now we don't have the 0x40800000 region with OpenSBI 1.4 generic: Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080100000 Let's try to move the serial region to 0x40000000, although that seems to be wrong. Yep, that causes OpenSBI to not emit any message in the console, so let's put it back in 0x40001000. Next, we may want to place the FDT in the previous location, at 0x80017000. => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 trace_event=initcall:* trace_options=sym-addr tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M" => setenv ramdisk_size 12614846 => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} Hmm, continues to hang in the same point: [ 2.852200] initcall_start: func=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0x0/0x1d4 With this regions: OpenSBI v1.4 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| Platform Name : Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Lagarto Ox (NixOS) Platform Features : medeleg Platform HART Count : 1 Platform IPI Device : --- Platform Timer Device : --- @ 0Hz Platform Console Device : uart8250 Platform HSM Device : --- Platform PMU Device : --- Platform Reboot Device : --- Platform Shutdown Device : --- Platform Suspend Device : --- Platform CPPC Device : --- Firmware Base : 0x80000000 Firmware Size : 323 KB Firmware RW Offset : 0x40000 Firmware RW Size : 67 KB Firmware Heap Offset : 0x48000 Firmware Heap Size : 35 KB (total), 2 KB (reserved), 8 KB (used), 24 KB (free) Firmware Scratch Size : 4096 B (total), 288 B (used), 3808 B (free) Runtime SBI Version : 2.0 Domain0 Name : root Domain0 Boot HART : 0 Domain0 HARTs : 0* Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000040001000-0x0000000040001fff M: (I,R,W) S/U: (R,W) Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080040000-0x000000008005ffff M: (R,W) S/U: () Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,X) S/U: () Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: () S/U: (R,W,X) Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000 Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000080017000 Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode Domain0 SysReset : yes Domain0 SysSuspend : yes I will also try 0x80013000 as address as I saw it being used before, but I don't think it is the problem. It must be related with how the initialization is now different. OpenSBI v1.4 ____ _____ ____ _____ / __ \ / ____| _ \_ _| | | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || | | | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | | | |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_ \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____| | | |_| sbi_trap_error: hart0: illegal instruction handler failed (error -2) sbi_trap_error: hart0: mcause=0x0000000000000002 mtval=0x0000000000000000 sbi_trap_error: hart0: mepc=0x00000000800131a4 mstatus=0x8000000a00007800 sbi_trap_error: hart0: ra=0x0000000080013bb0 sp=0x0000000080046e70 sbi_trap_error: hart0: gp=0x0000000000000000 tp=0x0000000080047000 sbi_trap_error: hart0: s0=0x0000000080046eb0 s1=0x0000000000000118 sbi_trap_error: hart0: a0=0x0000000080013000 a1=0x0000000080046e74 sbi_trap_error: hart0: a2=0x00000000800133c0 a3=0x0000000000000600 sbi_trap_error: hart0: a4=0x000000000000062c a5=0x0000000000000284 sbi_trap_error: hart0: a6=0x0000000000000000 a7=0x000000000000002c sbi_trap_error: hart0: s2=0x0000000080013000 s3=0x0000000000000000 sbi_trap_error: hart0: s4=0x0000000080047000 s5=0x0000000000000000 sbi_trap_error: hart0: s6=0x0000000000000000 s7=0x0000000000000001 sbi_trap_error: hart0: s8=0x0000000000002000 s9=0x00000000800436f0 sbi_trap_error: hart0: s10=0x0000000000000000 s11=0x0000000000000000 sbi_trap_error: hart0: t0=0x0000000080009796 t1=0x0000000000000268 sbi_trap_error: hart0: t2=0x0000000000001000 t3=0x00000000000000d7 sbi_trap_error: hart0: t4=0x000000007fffffff t5=0x0000000000000001 sbi_trap_error: hart0: t6=0x0000000000000004 With 0x80013000 we seem to enter OpenSBI code region. Let's try with openpiton again, without the FDT address. We should disable the secondary console from the DT too. No output, lets enable the PLIC again in the DT. Same. Probably we have a better chance to fix it in the generic platform. Let's use a very far away address for the FDT just in case: `0x0_c000_0000` This one doesn't work: => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 ftrace=function ftrace_filter=* tp_printk" This one yes: => setenv bootargs "root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=7 debug rw earlycon=sbi console=hvc0 trace_event=*:* tp_printk trace_buf_size=1M" => setenv ramdisk_size 12614846 => booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${ramdisk_size} ${fdtcontroladdr} [ 164.849640] initcall_finish: func=vdso_init+0x0/0x4c ret=0 [ 164.849960] console: initcall_finish: func=vdso_init+0x0/0x4c ret=0 [ 164.862820] initcall_start: func=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0x0/0x1d4 [ 164.863140] console: initcall_start: func=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0x0/0x1d4 [ 164.878860] kmalloc: call_site=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0xa8/0x1d4 ptr=(____ptrval____) bytes_req=8 bytes_alloc=8 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1 accounted=false [ 164.879200] console: kmalloc: call_site=check_unaligned_access_all_cpus+0xa8/0x1d4 ptr=(____ptrval____) bytes_req=8 bytes_alloc=8 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO node=-1 accounted=false [ 164.912380] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d28 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.912680] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d28 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.934340] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d2c order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.934660] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d2c order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.956300] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d30 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.956620] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d30 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.978280] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d34 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 164.978600] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d34 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.000260] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d38 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.000560] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d38 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.022200] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d3c order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.022540] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d3c order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.044200] mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d40 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.044500] console: mm_page_alloc_zone_locked: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d40 order=2 migratetype=0 percpu_refill=1 [ 165.066220] mm_page_alloc: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d28 order=2 migratetype=0 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL [ 165.066540] console: mm_page_alloc: page=(____ptrval____) pfn=0x83d28 order=2 migratetype=0 gfp_flags=GFP_KERNEL